在翻译实践中,郭沫若极力赞同严复的“信达雅”三字标准。 他认为除直译与意译外,还有一种译法叫做“风韵译”。他的“风韵译”与闻一多、朱生豪、茅盾等的“神韵译”,傅雷的“重神似而 不重形似”以及钱钟书的“化境说”是-脉相通的。诗歌比其他文学形式更要求神似。因为诗的成分相当复杂,有的成分是可能译出来的。因此译诗不仅应传递原诗的思想,情感和风格,而且还要传原诗之气韵。否则不能叫做译诗,只能叫做释诗。
例2原诗
Wake! For the sun, who scattered into flight
The stars before him from the Field of Night,
Drives night along with them from Heav'n and strikes
The Sultan's Turret with a shaft of light.
Stanza I of Rubaiyat of Omar
Khayyam, Fitzgerald
郭沫若译文:
醒呀!太阳驱散了群星,
暗夜从空中逃遁,
灿烂的金箭,
射中了苏母的高瓴、
诗歌构成比较复杂。诗歌形式与神韵之间的密切联系比其他文学形式要强些,因此要译好诗,其形与神必须兼顾,不能偏废一方。然而在实际翻译中,很难两全其美。但须注重的是形 可散而神不可失,否则可谓败译了。
例3原诗
Make me the lyre, even as the forest is;
What if my leaves are falling like its own!
The tumult of thy mighty harmoniea Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!
And, by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawakened Earth
The trumpet of a Prophecy! O, wind,
If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind!
Ode to the West Wind, Percy Bysshe Shelley
郭沬若译文:
请把我作为你的瑶琴如像树林般样:
我纵使如败叶飘飞也无妨!
你雄浑的谐调的交流
会从两者得一深湛的秋声,虽凄切而甘芳。
严烈的精灵哟,请你化成我的精灵!
请你化成我,你个猛烈者哟!
请你把我沉闷的思想如像败叶一般,
吹越呼宇宙之外促起一番新生!
请你用我这有韵的咒文,
把我的言辞散布人间,
如像从未来的炉头吹起热灰火烬!
请你从我的唇间吹出醒世的警号!
严冬如来时,哦,西风哟,
阳春宁尚迢遥?