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用结构相同、字数相等或相似的两个句子或词组作为一对语言片段,来表达内容相对称的意思,这种修辞方法就叫对偶。从形式上看,整齐美观,谐调匀称;从内容上看,凝炼、集中而缜密。读起来琅琅上口,听起来和谐悦耳。其作用是达到强烈鲜明的对比和反差,给人以深刻印象。汉语对联用的就是典型的对偶,翻译成英文相当困难。英语中似无此种修饰方法,但也不乏对仗例子,其特点不同子汉语的对联。下面分别举例说明:
汉语对偶例子:
1. 银行服务一应俱全明天理想即日实现
Your Full Service Bank
Make Tomorrow's Plan Today
2. 世上无难事,只要肯登攀
Nothing is hard in this world, if you are to scale the heights.
Nothing is hard under the sky if we but dare to climb up high.
3. 红军不怕远征难,万水千山只等闲。
The Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March,
Holding light ten thousand crags and torrents.
4. 墙上芦苇头重脚轻根底浅 山间竹笋嘴尖皮厚腹中空
Rushes on the wall ——swollen-headed, weak-kneed, and loose in the roots;
Bamboo shoots among the rocks — sharp-tongued, thick-skinned, but hollow in the trunk.
—MAO TSE-TUNG ON ART
AND LITERATURE
Foreign Languages Press, Peking 1960 p. 44
5. 稳住一头 放开一片
Hold fast to one end and leave the whole field open.