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After his father's death, Robert had to change his job. (B)
When his dad died,this guy had got to get another job. (C)
I wondered if you would give us some advice. (A)
I am wondering if you'd give us some advice. (B)
I wonder if you'd give us some advice. (C)
You haven't to fill in a form. (A)
You don't have to fill in a form. (B)
You haven't got to fill in a form. (C)
He spoke in a confident manner. (A)
He spoke confidently. (B)
He spoke dead sure. (C)
我们只要认真分析各种变体的语法结构就不难看出它们之间的差别。除了措词差别以外,在第一组中,主要是时间状语的结构不同。在英语中,用介词短语比用从句正式一些。在第二组中, 主要是时态不同,表示现在时间用过去式是礼貌语,而用进行体又比用一般现在时高出一层。在第三组中,差别主要体现在情态动词和助动词的用法上。而在第四组,介词短语比副词正式一些。
以上是英语变体的表现形式,那么汉语昵?汉语不是"形治"语言,因此,主要不是靠句式的变化来构成变体。汉语是表意文字,主要靠措词来体现种种差别,例如:
你好——您好;老头——大爷;让开——劳驾;住址——府上;岳父——泰山大人,等等。
因此,上述各组例句的汉译,我们也只能通过词语上’的修辞来体现语言变体,相应译文为:
罗伯特•布朗先生于尊父仙逝后被迫易职。
罗伯特在父亲死后不得不改变职业。
这小子他爸死后只好另谋生路。