六、环境权利

　　新疆坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持环保优先、生态立区和可持续发展，坚持走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，不断改善生态环境，促使人与自然和谐共生，有效保障人民的环境权利。

　　生态环境保护制度进一步完善。颁布实施《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国水土保持法〉办法》《乌鲁木齐市大气污染防治条例》《野生植物保护条例》《湿地保护条例》《煤炭石油天然气开发环境保护条例》等30余部地方性法规规章，两次修订《环境保护条例》。实施《新疆维吾尔自治区水功能区划》。加快推进《新疆环境功能区划》修编工作，为生态保护红线的划分提供基础技术依据。已形成生态保护、污染防治、辐射环境监管、危险废物及核安全监控管理体系。

VI. Environmental Rights

Xinjiang upholds the basic national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. Giving priority to environmental protection, it pursues ecology-friendly and sustainable development on the path toward a future of economic development where life is prosperous and a healthy environment is conserved, so as to constantly promote harmony between man and nature and effectively ensuring the people's environmental rights.

Framework of eco-environmental protection has been further improved. Over 30 local regulations and rules, including the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Implementation of the Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China, and the Regulations of Urumqi City on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, Regulations on Wild Plants Protection, Regulations on Wetland Protection, and Regulations on the Environmental Protection for the Development of Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas have been promulgated and implemented. The Regulations on Environmental Protection have been amended twice. Water Function Zoning of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has been implemented, and work on creating and revising the Environmental Function Zoning of Xinjiang has been accelerated, which will provide a basic technical foundation for the drawing of ecological red lines. A framework of ecological protection, pollution control, radioactive environment monitoring, and monitoring of hazardous waste and nuclear safety is in place.

　　生态建设扎实推进。实施天然林保护、退耕还林还草、退牧还草、防沙治沙、生态治理和修复、野生动植物保护等工程，不断改善生态环境，构建生态安全屏障。2016年以来，明确严禁“高耗能、高污染、高排放”项目进新疆，实行能源、矿产资源开发自治区政府“一支笔”审批制度，实行环境保护“一票否决制度”。截至2016年年底，绿洲森林覆盖率达到23.5%，草原综合植被盖度达到41.3%，林网有效保护了95%的农田，年均治理“三化”草地2000万亩，沙化土地年扩展速度下降到82.8平方公里，79条重要河流水质优良比例达到94%，湿地总面积超过394万公顷，有世界自然遗产1处、国家级湿地公园28个、国家和自治区级自然保护区29个。

　　城市人居环境持续改善。全面推进城市生态修复，加快城市生态园林建设和城市湿地资源保护，不断提升城市绿化品质和综合服务功能。截至2015年年底，城市建成区绿地率达到34.9%，绿化覆盖率达到37.47%，人均公园绿地面积达到11.5平方米，有国家和自治区级园林城市20个，国家和自治区级园林县城44个，国家级城市湿地公园1个。

Solid progress has been made in ecological development. Xinjiang has carried out a number of projects, including natural forest protection, returning farmland to forest or grassland, returning grazing land to grassland, prevention and control of desertification, ecological management and restoration, and wildlife protection, to constantly improve the ecological environment and create secure zones for ecological security. Since 2016, projects involving high energy consumption, serious pollution, and high emissions have been strictly prohibited in Xinjiang. A "one-chop" examination system has been enforced for the development of energy and mineral resources before approval obtained from the government of the autonomous region, besides a "one-veto" system for issues concerning environmental protection. As of the end of 2016, oasis forest coverage had reached 24 percent, grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage had reached 41 percent, and the forest network was providing effective protection to 95 percent of the farmland. Every year, Xinjiang improves 20 million mu (approximately 1,333,333 ha) of grassland suffering from degradation, desertification and salinization, reducing the expansion of desertified land to 82.8 sq km a year. Of the 79 major rivers, 94 percent have high water quality. Wetlands total more than 3.94 million hectares in area. There are 29 state- and autonomous region-level nature reserves, 28 state-level wetland parks, and one world natural heritage.

Urban living environment continues to improve. Xinjiang has worked to promote urban ecological restoration in an all-round manner, to speed up construction of urban ecological gardens and urban wetland resources, and to continuously enhance the quality of urban green space and comprehensive service functions. As of the end of 2015, the greening rate of urban built-up areas had reached 35 percent, the green coverage rate had reached 37 percent, and per-capita park green area had reached 11.5 sq m. There are 20 state- and autonomous region-level garden cities, 44 state- and autonomous region-level green countytowns, and one state-level urban wetland park.