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例一 :Prolonged absence of the antagonists leads to chronic spasticity of the uninvolved muscles.
【说明】absence转换为动同,译为“不起作用”。
【译文】拮抗肌长期不起作用导致腱侧肌肉的慢性退化。
例二 : In many cases a simple cause may be responsible for failure of the ulcer to heal.
【译文】在很多病例中,某个简单的原因就吋能使溃疡不能愈合。
(2)表示准否定的动词有:fail(未能、失败),deny (否认),miss (错过),overlook (忽略、着不到),exclude (排除),refuse (不、拒绝)等。
例:Bypass operation seems indicaied when obstructive symptoms fail to respond to medical treatment.
【译文】内科治疗肠梗阻无效时,就要考虑行分流术。
(3)表示准否定的形容词和形容词词组有:absent (无、没有),few,Little (很少),free from (无、免于),far from (远非),short of (缺乏、不足)等。
例一:The patient, though not entirely free from symptoms, is regarded as a chronic carrier.
【译文】尽管病人并非完全没有症状,仍然被视为慢性携带者。
例二: Etiological factors responsible for this cancer are far from being clear.
【译文】这种癌症的病因远未了解清楚。
(4)表示准否定的副词有:hardly, scarcely, barely (几乎不、几乎没有), rarely , seldom (很少、小常),little (很少、一点不)等。
例一:Dyspnea or tachypnea is seldom relieved in patients with heart failure.
【译文】心衰患者的呼吸困难或呼吸急促得到缓解是少见的。
例二:The disease is usually of short duration and is rarely serious.
.【译文】通常此病病程短而且不严重。