——健全完善粮食交易体系。搭建了规范统一的国家粮食电子交易平台，形成以国家粮食电子交易平台为中心，省（区、市）粮食交易平台为支撑的国家粮食交易体系，服务宏观调控、服务粮食流通的功能不断提升。全国粮食商流、物流市场达到500多家。粮食期货交易品种涵盖小麦、玉米、稻谷和大豆等主要粮食品种，交易规模不断扩大。

– Improving the grain trading system. China has built a standardized and unified national electronic grain trading platform, forming a national grain trading system with the platform as the center and provincial (autonomous regional, municipal) grain trading platforms as the support. The functions of macro-control and grain circulation have continuously improved. There are more than 500 grain commodity and logistics markets across the country. Grain futures trading cover major grain varieties such as wheat, corn, rice, and soybeans, and the scale is expanding.

　　——稳步提升粮食市场服务水平。积极引导各地发展多种粮食零售方式，完善城乡“放心粮油”供应网络，粮食电子商务和新型零售业态发展态势良好。搭建粮食产销合作平台，鼓励产销区加强政府层面战略合作。2018年组织各类粮食交易会3935场，成交粮食近13627万吨，成交金额2319亿元人民币。2018年和2019年，连续举办“中国粮食交易大会”，意向购销粮食达6000余万吨，推动产销合作水平迈上新台阶。

– Steadily improving services in the grain market. The government has actively guided various localities to develop a variety of grain retail methods, and improved the supply network of “safe grain and oil” in urban and rural areas. Grain e-commerce and new forms of retail business are in good shape. We are building platforms for cooperation in grain production and marketing, and encouraging production and marketing areas to strengthen strategic cooperation at government level. In 2018, we organized 3,935 grain fairs of all kinds, with a transaction volume of nearly 136.27 million tons and a value of 231.9 billion yuan. In 2018 and 2019, China held China Grain Trade Conferences with an intended purchase and sale of more than 60 million tons, pushing grain production and marketing cooperation to a new level.

　　（四）健全完善国家宏观调控

　　——注重规划引领。编制《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》《国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要（2008－2020年）》《全国新增1000亿斤粮食生产能力规划（2009－2020年）》《中国食物与营养发展纲要（2014－2020年）》《全国农业可持续发展规划（2015－2030年）》《全国国土规划纲要（2016－2030年）》《国家乡村振兴战略规划（2018－2022年）》《粮食行业“十三五”发展规划纲要》等一系列发展规划，从不同层面制定目标、明确措施，引领农业现代化、粮食产业以及食物营养的发展方向，多维度维护国家粮食安全。

4. Improving macroeconomic regulation

– Paying close attention to state planning as guidance. China has formulated a series of plans, including the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China, Outline of the Medium- and Long-term Plan for National Food Security (2008-2020), National Plan for an Increase of Production Capacity for 50 Billion Kg of Food (2009-2020), Outline of China’s Food and Nutrition Development (2014-2020), National Agriculture Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030), National Land Planning Outline (2016-2030), National Rural Vitalization Strategic Plan (2018-2022), and Outline of the 13th Five-year Development Plan for the Food Industry. Through these plans, China defines its goals and measures at different levels, and guides agricultural modernization, food nutrition, and the food industry, with the goal 

of safeguarding national food security in every respect.

　　——深化粮食收储制度和价格形成机制改革。为保护农民种粮积极性，促进农民就业增收，防止出现“谷贱伤农”和“卖粮难”，在特定时段、按照特定价格、对特定区域的特定粮食品种，先后实施了最低收购价收购、国家临时收储等政策性收购。收购价格由国家根据生产成本和市场行情确定，收购的粮食按照市场价格销售。随着市场形势发展变化，粮食供给更加充裕，按照分品种施策、渐进式推进的原则，积极稳妥推进粮食收储制度和价格形成机制改革。2014年起先后取消了大豆、油菜籽、玉米等粮油品种国家临时收储政策，全面实行市场化收购。2016年起逐步完善了稻谷和小麦最低收购价格政策，进一步降低了政策性收购比例，实现了以市场化收购为主。

– Furthering reform of the grain collection and storage system and the price formation mechanism. In order to encourage farmers to grow grain, increase their employment prospects and incomes, and protect them from low grain prices and problems in selling their output, the government has, over specified periods, on specific grain varieties in specific regions, and in accordance with specific prices, carried out procurement policies including minimum purchase price procurement and temporary state collection and storage. The purchase price was determined by the government according to the production cost and the market situation, and the grain purchased was sold at the market price. As the market changes and develops, and as the grain supply increases, the government has made different policies for different grain varieties, actively and steadily promoted reform of the grain collection and storage system and the price formation mechanism. Since 2014, we 

have canceled the national temporary collection and storage policy of grain and oil varieties such as soybeans, rapeseed and corn, and carried out market-based procurement in an all-round way. Since 2016, we have gradually improved the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, further reduced the proportion of policy procurement, and realized market-based procurement.