中国货物贸易由逆差转变为顺差改善了中国的国际收支状况，增强了中国抵御外部风险的能力。但是顺差急剧扩大也给中国经济带来困扰。出口结汇人民币大量投放增加了宏观经济调控的难度和复杂性。货物贸易顺差急剧扩大还使得中国与一些贸易伙伴摩擦增多，对人民币形成了持续和较大的升值压力。

    中国政府高度重视对外贸易发展中的不平衡问题，采取了一系列政策措施抑制顺差过快增长。第一，积极调整经济结构，努力扩大内需，尤其是增加改善民生投资，刺激居民消费增长。第二，出台一系列扩大进口政策，简化进口管理和进口付汇手续，降低部分商品进口暂定税率，完善进口促进体系，提高进口便利化程度。第三，调整出口退税政策，先后降低或取消部分高耗能、高污染和资源性商品的出口退税。第四，修改加工贸易禁止类和限制类目录，扩大禁止类的范围，促进加工贸易转型升级。第五，改变自亚洲金融危机以后人民币兑美元变动区间收窄的状况，从2005年7月21日起实行以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度。自2005年7月汇率机制改革至2011年8月末，人民币兑美元名义汇率升值了约30%。

As China turned its trade deficit into a surplus, the country improved its international balance of payments and enhanced its resistance to external risks. However, the sharp increase in surplus also created trouble for the Chinese economy. The large volume of RMB input in export settlement complicates macroeconomic control, and the rapid expansion of China's surplus in trade in goods also results in more trade frictions between China and its trading partners, as well as persistent pressure on the RMB to appreciate.

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the imbalance in the development of foreign trade, and has adopted a series of policies and measures to curb overheated surplus growth. First, it proactively adjusts the economic structure, strives to expand domestic demand, and especially increases investment in projects to improve the people's livelihood and stimulate household consumption. Second, it enacts a series of policies to expand imports, simplify the procedures of import administration and import payment, lower the temporary tax rates on certain imported commodities, improve the import promotion system and facilitate import businesses. Third, it has adjusted the export tax rebates policy, lowered or cancelled export tax rebates for some products that consume too much energy and cause serious pollution and certain resource-based products. Fourth, it has amended the prohibited and restricted categories of processing trade, expanding the scope of the prohibited category and promoting this sector's restructuring and upgrading. Fifth, it has changed the situation of the pegged exchange rate of the yuan against the US dollar since the Asian financial crisis, and adopted the administered floating exchange rate system based on market demand, and adjusted it with reference to a basket of currencies from July 21, 2005. During the period from the exchange rate reform in July 2005 to the end of August 2011, the nominal exchange rate of the yuan against the dollar appreciated by about 30 percent.

    中国促进对外贸易平衡增长的措施取得了明显成效。货物贸易顺差自2009年以来持续减少，顺差与进出口总值和国内生产总值之比自2008年起逐渐下降，对外贸易正在趋于平衡。中国的这些努力既是中国自身经济发展的需要，也是推动世界经济结构调整和再平衡的具体行动。

五、构建全方位互利合作经贸关系

    中国的对外贸易是全方位发展的对外贸易。中国坚持不分大小、贫富，与所有贸易伙伴发展务实合作和互利共赢的经贸关系。

China's measures to promote balanced foreign trade growth have achieved obvious effects. The nation's surplus in trade in goods has been on a steady decline since 2009, and the proportion of surplus in the total import and export trade volume and the GDP also started to drop in 2008, moving toward a balance in foreign trade. China's efforts not only serve the development of its own economy, but are also practical moves to promote the structural adjustment and the rebalancing of the global economy. 

V. Constructing All-round Economic and Trade Partnerships with Mutually Beneficial Cooperation

China stresses all-round development in its foreign trade. China adheres to developing economic and trade partnerships based on practical cooperation and mutual benefit with all countries, no matter they are big or small, rich or poor.