中国加入世界贸易组织15年后，根据《中国加入世界贸易组织议定书》第15条，针对中国的反倾销"替代国"条款已经终止。这意味着世贸组织成员在对中国的反倾销调查中，不能再歧视中国的出口商品。

Fifteen years after China's accession to the World Trade Organisation, the "substitute nation" method for calculating anti-dumping measure against China has finally expired. This is according to Article 15 of the Protocol on China's accession to the organisation back in 2001. It means fellow members should no longer discriminate against Chinese exports under "anti-dumping" measures.

契约精神是市场经济的基石，信守条约是国际法的基本准则。维护条约义务的严肃性和多边贸易体制的权威性，是世贸组织成员的共同义务，也符合成员国的共同利益。

The spirit of the contract is the foundation of the market economy and adherence to international treaties is one of the basic norms of the international law. All WTO members are obliged to ensure honest contractual performance and to uphold the authority of the multilateral trading regime, which in turn serves the interests of the members themselves.

然而，美国和欧盟等少数世贸组织成员公然拒绝履行《议定书》第15条规定的国际义务。欧盟甚至还企图以"市场严重扭曲"标准代替"非市场经济国家"标准。这些国家变相延续"替代国"做法，逃避其应履行的国际条约义务，曲解世贸组织规则，旨在继续对中国进行反倾销个案调查。其实质是搞保护主义，这不仅将损害成员国之间的互信与合作，也将损害国际社会对多边贸易规则和体制的信心。

Regrettably, however, both the United States and the EU, as well as a few others, have so far refused to fulfil their obligations under Article 15 by upgrading China's WTO status. Indeed, the EU has gone further, intending to replace "non-market economy" criteria with "market distortion" criteria. These fancy concepts cannot disguise the undeclared intention to renege on international treaty obligations or even to misinterpret WTO rules in order to continue with anti-dumping cases against China. This, in essence, is protectionism, which not only jeopardises mutual trust and cooperation between WTO members but also undermines international confidence in multilateral trading regime and rules.