健康权保障条件显著改善。新中国成立前，新疆医疗卫生事业落后，缺医少药，鼠疫、天花、霍乱等传染病肆虐，人民健康权利得不到基本保障。1949年只有医疗机构54个、病床696张，每万人拥有病床1.6张、医生0.19名。经过60多年发展，医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，医疗机构遍布城乡。截至2016年年底，已有各类卫生机构15721个，其中，各类医院707所，病床位14.45万张，医生5.1万人，护士5.6万人，每万人拥有医院床位数60.3张、执业医师21.2人，均高于全国平均水平。创新开展全科医师与居民签约服务，乡村医生签约定点为农牧民提供医疗服务。卫生防疫机构从无到有，已形成较为完善的城乡卫生防疫体系，重大传染病、地方病得到有效控制。健康水平持续提升，人口死亡率由1949年的20.82‰下降到2016年的4.26‰，人均预期寿命从30岁延长至72.35岁。自2016年始，城乡居民每年可享受一次免费健康体检。

　　受教育权得到全面保障。1949年以前，新疆文化教育水平极低，普通民众基本没有受教育机会。新中国成立后，在中央支持下，新疆采取各种措施大力发展教育事业。从1949年到2016年，小学由1335所增加到3526所，中学由9所增加到1416所，中等职业学校由11所增加到167所（未含技工学校），普通高校由1所增加到41所。高校在校生由0.04万人增加到42.01万人，中等职业学校在校生由0.20万人增加到23.51万人。累计培养普通高校毕业生102.21万人。基本实现九年义务教育全覆盖，南疆3年学前教育、12年基础教育全覆盖。各类成人教育进一步发展，多层次、多形式的职业技术培训体系基本形成。教育投入支出比例占财政总收入的5%以上，并随着财政收入的增长持续提高。义务教育全面纳入公共财政保障范围，统一城乡义务教育阶段学校公用经费基准定额，并不断提高寄宿制学校、规模较小学校、北方取暖地区学校、特殊教育学校和随班就读残疾学生的公用经费补助水平。2016年拨付29.48亿元，为271.43万名农村义务教育阶段学生补助公用经费和取暖费，为45.2万名农村家庭经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助，为263万名农村义务教育阶段学生和城市部分中小学生提供免费教科书。在全区45个县和26所举办内初班学校实施了农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。举办内地新疆高中班、中职班，截至2016年年底，累计培养学生9.1万人。

There is marked improvement in ensuring access to healthcare. Before the PRC, Xinjiang's medical services were in a poor state; there was a shortage of doctors and medicines, and epidemics of diseases, such as the plague, smallpox, and cholera, were commonplace. People had no guaranteed access to health care. In 1949, Xinjiang had only 54 medical institutions with 696 beds, placing the medical service capacity at 1.6 beds and 0.19 doctors per 10,000 people. After more than 60 years of development a basic medical care system has been established, with medical institutions covering urban and rural areas. By the end of 2016, there were 15,721 medical institutions of various kinds - including 707 hospitals with 144,500 beds - and 51,000 doctors, and 56,000 nurses. With 60.3 beds and 21.2 doctors serving every 10,000 persons, Xinjiang is now above the national average in terms of medical service capacity. Medical service contracts have been signed between general practitioners and urban residents, and between doctors in rural areas and farmers and herdsmen, to provide them with medical services. Epidemic prevention institutions have been set up, and a relatively complete urban-rural epidemic prevention system has been formed, bringing major epidemic and endemic diseases under effective control. Public health has seen a steady improvement. From 1949 to 2016, the mortality rate dropped from 20.82 to 4.26 per thousand. The average life expectancy has increased from 30 years to 72.35 years. Beginning in 2016, urban and rural residents can have a free health check-up every year.

The right to education is fully protected. Before 1949, the educational level in Xinjiang was very low, and the general public had very little chance of acquiring an education. Since the founding of the PRC, Xinjiang has gone to great lengths to develop its education with support from the central government. From 1949 to 2016, the number of elementary schools has increased from 1,335 to 3,526, secondary schools from 9 to 1,416, secondary vocational schools from 11 to 167 (excluding skilled workers schools), and higher education institutions from 1 to 41. The number of university students has risen from 400 to 420,100, and secondary vocational school students have increased from 2,000 to 235,100. A total of 1,022,100 students have graduated from colleges and universities. The nine-year compulsory education is now generally available to all children. In southern Xinjiang, all children have access to three years of preschool education and a 12-year basic education. Further progress has been made in adult education, and a multi-layered and diverse vocational training system has been established. Expenditure on education accounts for over 5 percent of the total fiscal revenue, and continues to grow as government revenues increase. Compulsory education has been included in public finance, and schools offering compulsory education in both urban and rural areas now operate according to the same public expenditure baseline. Subsidies for boarding schools, smaller schools, schools in northern Xinjiang with winter heating, special education schools, and students with disabilities have risen steadily. In 2016, the government allocated RMB2.95 billion to subsidize the public expenditure and heating fees of 2.71 million students from rural families receiving compulsory education. It also provided living subsidies for 452,000 boarders from needy rural families, and distributed free textbooks to 2.63 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas and some elementary and secondary school students in cities. In 45 counties and 26 schools running special classes for students from less developed areas in Xinjiang, a nutrition enhancement program has been introduced for compulsory-stage students from rural families. By the end of 2016, 91,000 students from Xinjiang had received high-school or secondary vocational education at special classes in more developed areas of the country.