英语中,根据句子表达意义的不同可以分为陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句。合同文字用于约定合同双方的权利和义务,表述合同约定条款及陈述事实,因此,合同中一般使用陈述句。与一般商务书信等文字不同的是,合同文字具备法律特性,表述时多采用陈述句的长句及各种复合句的句式,并使用被动语态、虚拟语气、各种状语成分、短语、从句等,以保证表意的完整性和严密性。
例1
【原文】In case the Sellers are liable for the discrepancies and a claim has been lodged by the Buyers within the time
limit of inspection and quality guarantee period as stipulated in Clause 15 hereunder, the Sellers shall settle the claim
in one or any combination of the following ways.
【译文】如果货物质量不符属卖方责任,买方在检验期和第15条规定的保证期内提 出索赔,卖方将按下列一种或几种方法解决有关索赔。
【赏析】上例句中采用条件状语从句,由in case引导。within引导的是时间状语起限定作用。翻译时按汉语习惯一般先译出条件状语。
例2.
【原文】Claims must be made within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, after which no claims will
be entertained.
【译文】索赔必须在货物到达目的地后30天内提出,逾期将不予受理。
【赏析】上例句采用定语从句及被动语态。被动语态的翻译可以视具体情况译为主动句或被动句,译为主动句时要加上合适的逻辑主语。
例3
【原文】What you should pay attention to is that claim must be made within the term of validity stipulated in the contract
(generally within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination) .
【译文】必须注意的是,索赔必须在合同娩定的有效期内提出(通常是在货到后30天内)。
【赏析】例句使用了主语从句。名词性从句的使用也是合同英语的一大特色,和其他从句一样,可以使句子完整,并最大限度保证表意的准确性。
例4
【原文】All letters ordering merchandise should give explicit information in order to get what is being ordered.
【译文】为确保(买方)收到所订购的货物,所有订货信件都要求精确清楚。
【赏析】该例使用了宾语从句,其中宾语从句里面有被动语态,根据句意,可译为主动态,但不需要译出主语。
例5
【原文】During the execution of a contract, if one party fails to perform the contract and thus bringing economic loss to
another party, the latter may ask the former for compensation according to the contract stipulation.
【译文】在合同执行中,若一方不能履行合同而造成另一方经济损失,受损失的一方可根据合同规定要求对方赔偿。
【赏析】该例使用了条件状语从句。原文语序与汉语句序相同,可直接顺译。