as we shall see ]ater

正如下文就要谈到的那样

as has been said before

如前所述

as shown in the figure

如图所示

as often happens

正如通常（所发生的）那样

as is often the case

通常就是这样

as already pointed out

正象已经指出的

as is well known to all

众所周知

（三）由“名词等+of+which”引导的从句

在英语的定语从句中有一种由“名词+介词+关系代词”引导的形式。应当指出这里的介词基本上都是of，而关系代词均为which。由于这种定语从句的译法与以上谈及的几种方法有所不同，所以也可说是一种比较特殊的定语从句。在这种从句中，“名词+of+ which ”中的名诃是从句中的主语，而of which则是该名词的定语。翻译时，一般都把of which译成“其”，“它的”或“…… 的”。整个从句译成一个独立的分句，按原文顺序放在主句之后。试看以下各例。

7. A magnetic field can be represented by magnetic lines of force, the direction of which at every point is that of the magnetic field.

磁场可以用磁力线表示，每一点上磁力线的方向就是磁场的方向。

8. The heart is a hollow , muscular organ , the function of which is to pump blood to all parts of the body.

心脏是一个中空的肌性器官，其功能是把血液压送到全身各个部位。

9. Gas is a substance the volume of which is determined by the temperature and pressure.

气体是这样一种物质，其体积取决于温度和压力。

如果of which之前是个数词或是具有数量概念的名词或代词，则一般把of which译为“其中”。例如：

10. There are about 107 elements, of which about 36 are found in living things.

元素大约有107种，其中36种已在生物体内发现。

11. There are different kinds of liquid solvents，the most important of which is water.

液体溶剂有许多不同的种类，其中最重要的是水。

12. Since 1958 she has painted over 300 pictures, some of which have been reproduced in the People's Daily.

1958年以来，她已画了三百多张画，其中有些已在人民日报上发表。

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