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英语句子的主语有时不是单个的名词或代词等,而是带有很长定语的名词或代词,或者是一个短语(动词不定式短语或动名词短语)或从句。这种较长的主语照译为汉语句子的主语后,往往会使译文累赘不堪、头重脚轻。这就需要把这种主语成分单独拆译成汉语一个小句子,接着再用汉语指示代词“这”加以归纳,以使译文结构匀称,试看以下各例。
1. To find the hottest and coldest parts of the solar system on Mercury is quite strange.
人们已经发现太阳系中最冷和最热的地方都在水星上,这是颇为奇怪的。
2. The average decrease in velocity of 3.5% per metre is inconsiderable in activation radius of 3.5 metres.
速度的衰减平均每米为3.5%,这在3.5米的作用半径(范围)内是无所谓的。
3. The increase in pressure with depth makes it difficult for a man to go very deep far below the water surface.
压力随着深度而增加,这使人类进入深水很困难。
4. The large size and roughly circular shape of the Pacific made some scientists think that it might have been a hole left when the moon separated from the earth.
太平洋浩瀚巨大,又略呈圓形,这使得某些科学家曾认为它也许是月球脱离地球时留下的一个大坑。
5. The world's largest city now — Mexico City — currently has 18 million people and a huge array of problems,
目前世界上最大的城市是墨西哥城,其人口已达1800 万,问题成堆。
为了使译文的表达更为通畅,逻辑更为严谨,有时可以在拆译主语的同时,把整个原文的简单句译为汉语的偏正复句。例如:
6. The arrival of the Soviet aircraft and ships in Cam Ranh Harbour has impeded the situation in South-east Asia.
由于苏取舰只和飞机进入金兰湾,所以东南亚的局势恶化了。