- 签证留学 |
- 笔译 |
- 口译
- 求职 |
- 日/韩语 |
- 德语
语篇连贯不仅是语篇本身的特征问题,连贯的实现还必须有读者的参与。对语篇所含信息的提取是读者调动自己的固有知识积累与文本进行交流的过程,是读者积极参与,而非被动接受的思维过程。因此从读者理解的角度来看,保证语篇连贯得以实现的前提有两个:一是读者要具备相当的从语言符号中提取信息的能力(the inferencing ability),二是具备相应的有关外部世界的知识(shared knowledge of the world)。对于跨语言交际的翻译活动所生成的译文的连贯性的实现而言,同样须强调两个相应的前提:一是保证从读者的认知角度看,译文语篇是连贯的,以免给读者的信息提取设置障碍和干扰;二是适当补充译文读者匮乏的外部世界的知识。这后一点就是人们所常说的“注释性翻译”的用意。此文所要探讨的是第一点,即:如何站在译文读者的角度,进行某些调整和补充,以确保译文读者能以最小的努力最有效地获取信息。居祖纯
(1998:20)就谈到过三例叙述性语篇中“‘调整’原文段落中的句序”的译例。下面是从我们的语料库中选择的几个译例:
恰逢山外集会,猎手一不做二不休骑着自行车驮着4只狼仔上了路。4只狼仔当做4只狼狗仔很快就出了手。每只60元,4只240元。一卷票子塞进了猎人的腰包。(张增有:“猎手”,见《大学英语》98/6,48页)
It happened to be the time of the country fair outside the mountains. In for a penny, in for a pound. The hunter put his game on his bike and (set out on his journey/journeyed to the fair) . The four whelps were soon sold as four baby wolfhounds, 60 yuan for each, 240 yuan in all. A wad of money was squeezed into his pocket.
英语译文括号部分提供了两个不同的译法,第一种是按原文字面译的,从文字的角度看并没错。但从读者的认知角度看,这种译文显然与读者对连贯性的预期不符,因为读者会以为下文要谈论路上发生的事,而实际上却是市场交易的情况。第二种译文突出了fair一词,与读者的预期便一致了。
讨论至此,大家可能会提出一个问题:汉语原文的连贯性是否就有失当之处?我们觉得原文的连贯性并无失当,因为读者读了第一句,大脑中获得的主导印象是“集会”。而译文由于句式运用上与原文的差异,待读者读到set out on his journey时,思路已指向journey,于是便造成了和下文的连贯问题。
假使翻译实践中遇到原文连贯失当的情况,译者有责任予以补正,除非原文的连贯失当具有特定的修辞目的。
再看下面一例:
我当时是接管中央美术学院的军代表。听说白石老人是教授,每月到学校一次,画一张画给学生看,作示范表演。有的学生提出要把他的工资停掉。
我说:“这样的老画家,每月来一次画一张画,就是很大的贡献。……”
I was then the military representative at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. I was told that Baishi was a professor there and that he came to the academy once a month. Every time he came he would paint a picture as an example for the students to imitate, but some of them proposed that his salary should be stopped (since he came so infrequently.)
"For an artist as old as he is, to come once a month and produce a painting is a great contribution," I explained....(《英汉对照中国文学现代散文选》,258页)
很明显,译文中括号的一个小句使译文语篇更为连贯了。
责任编辑:admin