三、概念意义不同，语用意义不同

1.一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我“胖了”之后大骂其新党。(鲁迅《祝福》)

When we met, after exchanging a few polite remarks he said I was fatter, and after saying that immediately started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.(Foreign Languages Press,1972)

分析：中国读者对于“说我胖了”容易理解，这是中国人重逢时的寒暄语之一。英美人士不明个中缘由，且忌讳肥胖，很容易以为是一种规劝和告诫。因此应增添解释性词语。试改译如下：

After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked "fat"，and having made that complimentary remark he launched a violent attack on the revolutionaries.

2.(凤姐：)“这通身的气派竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的。”(《红楼梦》)

译文I："And everything about her so distingue! She doesn't take after your side of the family, Grannie, she's more like a Jia."(Tr. David Hawkes)

译文II："Her whole air is so distinguished! She doesn't take after her father, son-in-law of our Old Ancestress, but more like a Jia."(Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang)

分析：凤姐在贾母面前称赞林黛玉，又说她不像贾母的外孙女，而像亲孙女，是在借黛玉恭维贾母。译文I中的“your

 side”讲的虽然也是真话，却并不中听，不讨贾母的欢喜，也不是凤姐的用意。译文II用“her

 father”替代了贾母，既澄清了“外孙女”所含的语义关系，又达到了原文语用的目的。

翻译时要特别小心英语某些词语的负面联想意义，注意避免无意间产生的有悖于原文用意的意思。下面的英译文在英语文化中可能引起不好的联想，试改译：

(1)“蓝天”牌牙膏 - “Blue Sky” brand tooth paste

(2)“白象”牌电池 - “White elephant” brand battery

(3)“金龙”牌电扇 - “Golden Dragon” brand electric fan

(4)“芳芳”牌牙膏 - “Fang Fang” brand tooth paste

(5)“金鸡”牌鞋油 - “Gold Cock” brand shoe blacking

(6)“银耳”汤 - “white fungus” soup

(7)“金三角”经济开发区 - a special economic development zone: a “Golden Triangle”