f) 有时候,会出现单个的分词和ー个分词短语共同作定语修饰ー个名词的情況, 这时单个分词往往作前置定语,分词短语往往作后置定语。汉译时,通常应先译分词短语。如:
* This driving force tending to produce the motion of electrons through a circuit is called an electromotive force or e.m.f. for short.
这种能使电子通过电路运动的驱动カ称之为电动势或简称e.m.f.。
* In a closed system consisting of water containing dissolved matter, (in equilibrium with the vapor), the dissolved matter distributes itself quantitatively between the vapor and the water.
在一个由含溶解物(且与蒸气相平衡)的水组成的封闭的系统中.溶解物会在蒸气与水中自行分配其数量。
(2)译成并列句
如果作定语用的分词短语仅仅是对其所修饰的名词进行补充性的说明,或分词短语的意思独立性较强,且译成定语并不符合汉语的表达习惯,那么汉译时就可将作定语用的分词短语译为并列句。这时,需要在分句中重复被修饰的名词,而且重复的名词前可以加代词“这(些)”、“此”、“该”等,也可以增译“它”、“它们”等代词来代替分词短语所修饰的名词。如:
* Hard wheat comes from the prairie zones of the US and Canada having limited rainfall.
硬粒小麦来自美国和加拿大的高原地区,这些地区降雨量有限。
* The centrifugal pump consists essentially of one or more impellers rotating in the center of a casing.
离心泵基本上是由ー个或多个叶轮组成,叶轮可在壳体中心旋转。