五、科技支撑体系基本建立

　　新中国成立以来，青藏高原科学研究经历了从局部到整体、从单学科研究到综合研究、从国内合作到国际合作的发展过程，现已形成较高水平的科研力量，建成了较为完备的生态与环境监测体系。在青藏高原社会经济发展和生态文明建设中，科技发挥着越来越重要的支撑作用。

　　一流的科技队伍与科技成果

V. Sci-tech Support System Is in Place

Since the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, scientific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has developed from partial, single-subject, domestic research to integrated, comprehensive research involving international cooperation. A team of high-caliber researchers has been established, together with an ecological and environmental monitoring system. Sci-tech is playing an ever more important supporting role in socio-economic development and ecological progress on the Plateau.

Top-notch researchers and sci-tech achievements

　　中国科技工作者从20世纪50年代开始对青藏高原局部地区开展短期、小范围的科学考察。20世纪70年代初至80年代末持续开展了大规模的综合科学考察，获得了数百万字的第一手科学考察资料，出版了包括43部专著的《青藏高原科学考察丛书》，成为第一套青藏高原百科全书。早在1978年全国科学大会上，中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队就获得国务院嘉奖。“青藏高原隆起及其对自然环境与人类活动影响的综合研究”于1987年获国家自然科学一等奖。20世纪90年代以来，结合青藏高原社会经济发展、生态环境建设的需求，开展了区域资源合理开发、生态环境恢复与治理、社会经济发展规划等研究工作，并对青藏高原的形成演化、影响等科学问题开展了相关学科的系统研究。第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究将持续为高原生态文明建设提供全面科技支撑，聚焦水、生态、人类活动，着力解决青藏高原资源环境承载力、灾害风险、绿色发展途径等方面的问题。

Chinese sci-tech workers started short-term, small-scale scientific studies on part of the Plateau in the 1950s. Large-scale and comprehensive investigation work was carried out from the early 1970s to the late 1980s, generating first-hand materials totaling several million Chinese characters. Based on the materials, quite a number of books, including 43 monographs, on the Plateau research were published, making up the first Qinghai-Tibet Plateau encyclopedia. The team under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was commended by the State Council at the commended 1978 National Conference on Science. Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s Rise and on Its Effects on Environment and Human Activities won the first prize of the 1987 National Award for Natural Science. Since the 1990s, to meet the needs of socio-economic development and environmental improvement on the Plateau, the Chinese government has launched research programs on the rational development of regional resources, ecological restoration and environmental governance, and planning for socio-economic development, and carried out systematic research in related subjects on the formation, evolution, and influence of the Plateau, and some other scientific issues. The second round of comprehensive investigation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will continue providing comprehensive sci-tech support for local ecological progress, with focus on water, ecology, and human activities, and with the goal of solving such problems as environmental carrying capacity, disaster risks, and approaches to green development.

　　60多年来，以中国科学院为主的科技队伍在青藏高原基础研究及应用研究方面取得许多开拓性科学成就。例如，刘东生院士在青藏高原隆起与东亚季风变化研究的基础上，建立了构造－气候科学学说；叶笃正院士提出青藏高原在夏季是热源的见解，开拓了大地形热力作用研究，创立了青藏高原气象学。这些创新成果推动了相关学科的发展，在区域社会经济发展、基础设施建设和生态环境建设中发挥了科技支撑作用。

　　目前，中国已拥有一支积累雄厚、学科配套、老中青相结合的从事青藏高原研究的科技队伍，包括40多位中国科学院院士和中国工程院院士、100多名“千人计划”和“万人计划”入选者、国家杰出青年基金获得者等领军人才。其中，刘东生、叶笃正和吴征镒分别荣获2003、2005和2007年国家最高科学技术奖，孙鸿烈荣获2009年“艾托里·马约拉纳-伊利斯科学和平奖”，姚檀栋荣获2017年“瑞典人类学和地理学会维加奖”，他们关于青藏高原的研究成就享誉国际。

Over the past 60 years or more, the sci-tech workers, with those from the CAS as mainstay, have made pioneering achievements in basic and applied research on the Plateau. For example, Academician Liu Dongsheng established the tectonics-climate theory based on his research on the Plateau’s rise and East Asian monsoon climate change; Academician Ye Duzheng proposed that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a thermal source in summer, and thus pioneered research on topography and thermodynamic activities and established the basics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau meteorology theory. These innovative achievements have driven related subjects forward, and played a supporting role in the region’s socio-economic development, infrastructure construction and environmental improvement.

China now boasts a sci-tech team engaged in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau research, with accumulated experience and expertise and supported by relevant subjects. The team has senior, middle-aged and young researchers, including more than 40 academicians of the CAS and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, more than 100 awardees of the Plan for Introducing Overseas High-level Talents (also called the Thousand Talents Plan) and the Special National Plan for High-level Talents (also called the 10,000 Talents Plan), and winners of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, and some other leading talent. Among them, Liu Dongsheng won the 2003 Highest Science and Technology Award of China, Ye Duzheng, the 2005 award, and Wu Zhengyi, the 2007 award; Sun Honglie won the Ettore Majorana-Erice Science for Peace Prize 2009; and Yao Tandong won the 2017 Vega Medal of Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi. These scientists are renowned around the world for their research achievements on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.