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青海省着力打造粮油种植、畜禽养殖、果品蔬菜和枸杞沙棘“四个百亿元”产业。种植业“粮经饲”三元结构加快优化,全国草地生态畜牧业实验区建设稳步推进,现代农业示范区和产业园加快建设。截至“十二五”末,全省家庭农牧场发展到1879家,各类合作社发展到8876家,培育农牧业龙头企业451家。特色作物种植比重达到85%,农作物、畜禽和水产品良种覆盖率分别达到96%、62%和95%。无公害、绿色和有机农畜产品年生产总量达109万吨,农产品质量追溯体系逐步建立。东部特色种养高效示范区、环湖农牧交错循环发展先行区、青南生态有机畜牧业保护发展区和沿黄冷水养殖适度开发带“三区一带”农牧业发展格局初步形成。
Qinghai Province focuses on four industries, i.e., grain and oil crop, livestock and poultry, fruit and vegetable, and Chinese wolfberry and sea buckthorn. Each of these represents output value of more than RMB10 billion. The speed of optimization of a ternary structure of grain, cash and forage crops is picking up. The building of national grassland ecological animal husbandry pilot areas, modern agriculture demonstration zones and industrial parks are making headway. By the end of the 12th Five-year Plan, there were 1,879 family farms and pastures, 8,876 cooperatives of various types, and 451 leading agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises in Qinghai. Crops unique to the region represented 85 percent of planting by area, and the coverage rate of improved varieties of crops was 96 percent. The corresponding figures for improved breeds of livestock & poultry and aquatic products were 62 percent and 95 percent. The total annual output of eco-friendly green and organic agricultural and livestock products reached 1.09 million tons. An agricultural products quality traceability system has been implemented. A “three areas and one zone” development framework for agriculture and animal husbandry is in place; this refers to a characteristic planting and high efficiency demonstration area in the east, a circular economic development pilot area in a farming-pastoral ecotone area around the lake, an ecological and organic animal husbandry protection and development area in southern Qinghai, and a cold water moderate aquaculture development zone along the Yellow River.
甘肃省甘南州实施藏区青稞基地及产业化工程和高原优质油菜、高原中药材(含藏药材)基地建设,加快发展特色种植业、经济林果业和林下产业。四川省甘孜州、阿坝州实施生态文明建设与发展生态农业有机结合,打造特色农牧业和特色林果业“两个百万亩”产业基地,以及花椒、森林蔬菜、木本药材等特色种植基地。云南省迪庆州高原特色农业种植面积达9.07万公顷,2017年产值达19亿元。
In order to accelerate the development of its growing industry unique to the region, forest & fruit industries, and the industry of byproducts of forests, Gansu Province’s Gannan Prefecture focuses on the building of a highland barley base and barley industrialization project in the Tibetan-inhabited area, construction of the bases of highland quality rape and traditional Chinese medicine (including Tibetan medicine). Sichuan Province’s Garze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture integrate ecological progress with ecological agriculture, construct bases for characteristic agriculture & animal husbandry and the forest & fruit industries each covering a total area of more than 100 million mu (133,400 ha.), and develop planting bases for Chinese prickly ash, forest vegetables, and woody herbs. In 2017, the area for growing crops unique to the locality in Yunnan Province’s Deqen Prefecture reached 90,700 ha., turning out an output value of RMB1.9 billion.
绿色能源产业快速发展
青藏高原拥有丰富的水能、太阳能、地热能等绿色能源。近年来,青藏高原各省区基本构建了以水电、太阳能等为主体的可再生能源产业体系,保障了区域经济发展与环境保护的协调推进。
青藏高原多条大江大河流经高山峡谷,蕴藏着丰富的水能资源。西藏水能资源技术可开发量为1.74亿千瓦,位居全国第一,近年来建成了多布、金河、直孔等中型水电站,至2017年年底,全区水电装机容量达到177万千瓦,占全区总装机容量的56.54%。青海水能资源技术可开发量为2400万千瓦,建成了龙羊峡、拉西瓦、李家峡等一批大型水电工程,至2016年年底,青海省水电装机容量达1192万千瓦。四川省甘孜州和阿坝州水能技术可开发量约5663万千瓦,已建成水电总装机容量达1708万千瓦。
Green energy develops rapidly.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is rich in hydro energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, and other green energies. In recent years, the provinces and autonomous regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have each built its own basic renewable energy industry system focusing on hydroelectricity and solar energy to support the coordinated development of the regional economy and environmental protection.
On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, many big rivers, running through high mountains and canyons, boast significant potential for hydropower development. Tibet leads the country with 174 million kW of potential hydropower. In recent years, Tibet has built three medium-scale hydropower stations, i.e., Duobu, Jinhe and Drigung. By the end of 2017, Tibet’s installed hydropower capacity was 1.77 million kW, accounting for 56.54 percent of the region’s total installed capacity. With 24 million kW of exploitable hydropower resources, Qinghai Province has built three large hydropower projects, i.e., Longyang Gorge, Laxiwa, and Lijia Gorge. By the end of 2016, Qinghai’s installed hydropower capacity was 11.92 million kW. Sichuan Province’s Garze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture boast 56.63 million kW of exploitable hydropower, and 17.08 million kW of installed capacity in completed hydropower stations.