4)……宝玉拿了篦子替他一一的梳篦。只篦了三五下，只见晴雯忙忙走进来取钱。一见了他两个，便冷笑道哦，交杯盏还没吃，倒上头了！ ”（第二十回）

杨译：

Baoyu had just started combing it with a fine comb when Oingwen hurried in to fetch some money. She laughed mockingly at the sight of them.

"Fancy! You haven't yet drunk the bridal cup but already you're doing her hair.”

霍译：

Bao-yu took a comb and began to comb it for her. But he had not drawn it more than four or five times through her hair，when Sky bright came bursting in to get some more money. Seeing the two of them together, she smiled sarcastically：

'Fancy! Doing her hair already — before you've even drunk the marriage-cup ! ’

5)刚至穿堂那边，只见玉钏儿独坐在廊檐下垂泪，一见他来，便收泪说道凤凰来了，快进去罢。再一会子不来，都反了。”（第四十三回）

杨译：

When he reached the entrance hall he saw Yuchuan sitting alone on the porch，in tears. She stopped crying at sight of him.

"Here comes the phoenix !" she cried. “Go in，quick. If you'd been any later, I can't think what would have happened.”

霍译：

As he approached the gallery through which he must pass to reach it，he came upon Silver, sitting under the eaves of the covered way and crying. She left off hurriedly when she saw him coming.

‘Here comes the phoenix at last!，she said sarcastically. ‘Hurry up and go inside. If you stay away much longer，there'll be a riot!'

例4的“交杯盖”和“上头”都是“结婚”的借代词。旧时的婚礼，新郎新娘交换着饮两杯酒叫作“交杯”，新郎为新娘改梳发髻和加簪饰物 叫作“上头”。晴雯看到宝玉替麝月梳头，于是运用借代手法，以结婚仪式的特征代结婚，挖苦他们，语言含蓄、幽默，富有生活情趣。两译本均采取直译，而且，由于这两个借体带有浓厚的文化色彩，两位译者都巧妙地在译文中添加了必要的修饰成分（杨译的bridal和霍译的 marriage)，弥补了因文化差异可能带来的语义损失，从而为异域读者确切地理解句中的修辞手段提供了保证。

例5用“凤凰”借代宝玉，与下文“宝玉忙进厅里，见了贾母王夫人等，众人真如得了凤凰一般”相互应。“凤凰”本是古代神话传说中的神鸟，表示珍贵、完美之物，因此这个借代兼有比喻的特点。由于“凤凰”与phoenix在语义——特别是感情色彩上是一致的，所以两段译 文的直译符合上下文的语境与修辞。

但是，由于汉英两种语言不同的习惯表达方式，译者对借代采取了意译法：

由于借代在实际运用中一般只出现借体，不出现本体，而且，借体又常常曲折委婉、发人深思，再加上有的借体带有强烈的民族文化气息，这些都为借代格的翻译设置了重重障碍。但是，从另一方面来讲，《红楼梦》的语言之所以生动形象、情趣盎然，自然与借代的艺术魅力密切相关。因此，跨越文化的、时代的障碍,找寻最精当的表现手段，是译者义不容辞的责任和使命。细品两译本对借代的翻译，我们再一次体会了译者的艰辛。

责任编辑：admin