2) 因此仰望杏子不舍。又想起邢岫烟已择了夫婿一事，虽说是男女大事，不可不行，但未免又少了一个好女儿。不过两年，便也要 “绿叶成荫子满枝”了。（第五十八回）

杨译：

Lost in contemplation of the tree, he thought of Xiuyan and her recent engagement. Though marriage was something everyone must go through with, this would mean one good girl the less; in just a couple of years she would be burdened with children as this tree was with fruits;…

霍译：

He stood and gazed at the tree. They were Du Mu's lines, written on his last visit to Hu-zhou, when he met the beautiful young dancer of a dozen years before and found that she was now a married woman with a brood of children. How did it go?

The spring-time blossoms，white and red，

Before the thieving wind have fled；

And in among the green leaves now 

The young fruit hangs from every bough.

He thought of Xing Xiu-yan's betrothal. It would only be a year or two now before she married, and soon she too, like the girl that Du Mu wrote about, would be a mother with a brood of young children about her. People had to marry, of course : they had to reproduce their kind. But what a way for a lovely young girl to end!

The spring-time blossoms, white and red ...

该例中的“绿叶成荫子满枝”是杜牧《叹花》诗中的诗句。据《唐诗纪事》卷五十六载，杜牧游湖州时，和一个少女相识，十四年后杜牧到湖州当刺史，这个女子已经年老、嫁人、多子了。于是他就写下了《叹花》一诗:“自是寻春去较迟，不须愁怅怨芳时。狂风落尽深红色，绿叶成荫子满枝。”曹雪芹巧妙利用杏树结子的 “子”和女子生养孩子的“子”的谐音双关，在该上下文中两次引用杜牧的这句诗，借景抒情，语言含蓄委婉，意味深长。

杨译依然采用“二语双关”的译法：把“子”的双关意义分别用 children 与 fruits 来体现，将 she would be burdened with children

与this tree was with fruits通过连词as连接起来。另外，本例中杜 牧的这句诗在原著的上文首次出现时，杨译作了脚注Line from a poem by Du Mu (803-852).为译文读者提供了必要的文化背景知识。

从篇幅上来看，霍译明显比杨译长，主要是因为霍译把杜牧的整首诗以及与该诗有关的写作背景全部融入了译文之中。笔者认为，尽管译文与原文在形式上有较大变动，甚至有些内容在言语表达上与事实情况存一定的出入，如 written on his last visit to Hu-zhou, a dozen years before等，但是这些变动并没有“因形害义”，而且对于译文读者来讲，一方面可以通过阅读这段文字了解汉语语言文化中源远流长的诗词艺术，以及与这些诗词相关的文字背后的故事和传说，读来令人回味无穷；另外，读者还可以结合上下文——包括这首诗本身， 特别是引发诗人写诗的其人其事，进一步理解曹雪芹笔下的主人公景生情，感叹时光流逝、容颜易改的思想感情，体会诗句所表达的双关意义。霍译把这句一语双关的引文经过语言重组，克服了文化的和修 辞的种种障碍，组织成这段逻辑严密、可读性强的译文，是翻译带有浓 厚文化色彩的双关语的一个值得借鉴的新思路。

事实上，“要把双关语翻译好，即使是采用‘二语双关’的译法，都 是非常不容易的。还有不少双关语，就连‘ 二语双关,的译法都处理不 了，……”我们来看下面的例子：

3) 偶因济刘氏，巧得遇恩人。（第五回）

杨译：

Because of help given by chance to Granny Liu, 

In time of need she is lucky a friend to find.

霍译：

Through a chance kindness to a country wife 

Deliverance came for your afflicted life.

这是《红楼梦》金陵判词中为数不少的谐音双关之一。其中的 “巧”字,字面上是“恰巧”之意，实际上谐音双关凤姐女儿巧姐的“巧” 字。这个判词，预见了巧姐的命运：曾得到凤姐接济的刘姥姥，当贾字。这个判词，预见了巧姐的命运：曾得到凤姐接济的刘姥姥，当贾府败落后，成了巧姐的恩人。这个谐音双关用得十分巧妙。但是，两位译者在这个巧妙的双关面前，显得有些力不从心，只能翻译其字面意义，双关意无法传达。仅凭这两句译文，读者无法得到双重的寓意， 看不出与巧姐的结局有何相干。

责任编辑：admin