“两个文明”一起抓 to place equal emphasis on both material advancement and ethical progress

“三个代表” Three represents----The Communist Party of China always represents the requirement

of the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced

culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.

培养“四有公民” to train people to be citizens with high ideas, moral integrity, a good education and strong sense of discipline

对干部进行“三讲”教育 to educate the cadres on the importance of study, raising political awareness and ensuring honesty and integrity.

抓大放小 to invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones; to focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves

安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

“五个一工程” the Five-one Program/ Project ( one good book, one good play, one good film, one good TV drama, and one or several creative and persuasive/convincing articles)

在对外介绍中国历史文化的口译中，常常会遇到一些我们中国人非常熟悉的有关重大历史事件，历史人物、典故、民风、民俗方面的汉译英。对不熟悉中国历史文化的外国人来说，适当的解释或补充说明非常重要。这样可以帮助外国人了解中国历史，文化和社会，提高对外宣传效果。以下词语的英语都稍加了补充说明，外国人听了容易理解。

改革开放以来 since the implementation of reform and open policy in 1979

建国以来 since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949

五四运动 the May Fourth Movement, a great anti-imperialist, anti-feudal, political and cultural movement which took place on May fourth, 1919

炎黄子孙 the descendants /offspring of Yandi and Huangdi, the two earliest chiefs of the Chinese nation and all the Chinese people are descendants of Yandi and Huangdi

秦始皇 Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China who unified China in 220 BC

白居易 Bai Juyi, a famous Chinese poet of Tang Dynasty in the 8th century

春节 Spring Festival, the traditional Chinese New Year, which falls on the first day of the first month according to the Chinese lunar calendar.

中秋节 the Mid-autumn Festival, a traditional festival of family reunion, which falls on fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month.

龙舟节 the Dragon Boat Festival which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan, the great poet and patriotic figure of the State of Chu during the Warring State

period.

泼水节 Water-Sprinkling Festival, a big festival for the Dai Nationality to wish everyone happiness by splashing water to each other

口译，不论是英译汉还是汉译英都应以语言简洁明快、通俗易懂为佳。因此，译员要在不损害原意的情况下，尽量减去不必要的词语和重复，这就是减译。汉译英时，尽量避免使用过分中国化而外国人不懂的词语和冗长复杂的句子。比如，在参观导游，风景名胜介绍时，有人常常喜欢使用很多修饰语，详细描述景色或引经据典，介绍中国历史文化。如果译员不看对象，按原话逐字不漏地翻译，结果往往是画蛇添足，外国人迷惑不解，很快失去了听的兴趣。这一类的口译，一定要从实际出发，避免重复，简化情节。英语力求简单明了，使外国人一听就懂。也只有这样，才能引起他们的兴趣，收到良好的效果。

口译中，有时需要通过增加或删减词语, 达到最好的修辞效果。例如：

The private colleges vary greatly in standard and reputation, from the world-famous, and select to the

cranky and the obscure.

私立院校的水平与声誉彼此相差甚远,从举世闻名, 出类拔萃到动荡不稳或默默无闻。

此句的汉译增加了词语,特别是恰当地运用了汉语的四字格的修辞手段，译文生动多了。

China has a great tradition. It has huge resources. It has enormous strength of will and spirit.

中国有伟大的传统，丰富的资源，巨大的意志力和精神力量。

此句的汉译删去了两个重复的 “ It has…”, 汉语既简练又流畅。

责任编辑：admin