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中国菜肴烹调技术之高超驰名中外,我国东西南北八大菜系和各民族风味各异的美味佳肴令外国游客大开眼界,大饱口福。然而,这些菜肴和食品的口译的确使我们的译员大伤脑筋。菜肴和食品的翻译最重要的是要译出是什么做的,采用什么方法做的。即抓住用料、刀法、烹调法和口味这几个关键,能直译的则直译,不能直译的则意译。例如:
北京烤鸭 roasted Beijing duck
香酥鸡 crisp fried chicken
醋溜子鸡 fried spring chicken with vinegar sauce
糖醋黄鱼 sweet and sour yellow croaker
清蒸鲑鱼 steamed mandarin fish
清炖甲鱼 braised turtle in clear soup
茄汁鱼丸 fried fish balls with tomato sauce
青椒肉片 fried sliced pork and green pepper
鱼香肉丝 fish-flavored shredded pork in hot sauce
鲜菇大虾 fried prawn with fresh mush rooms
荷叶粉蒸肉 steamed flour-coated pork wrapped in lotus leaves
煨牛肉 simmered beef
涮羊肉 instant boiled mutton
有些菜肴和食品只有采用解释性的意译。例如:
五香牛肉 spiced beef
葫芦鸡 roasted whole chicken
松鼠黄鱼 sweet and sour fried croaker in a squirrel shape
红烧狮子头 stewed minced pork balls with brown sauce
芙蓉虾仁 shrimps with egg white
麻婆豆腐 spicy bean curd in Sichuan style
八宝糕 eight-treasure pudding
什锦炒饭 fried rice with ten ingredients
炸酱面 noodles in Beijing style
扬州炒饭 fried rice in Yangzhou style
凉面 cold noodles with sesame sauce
饺子 dumpling
元宵 sweet dumpling
馄饨 dumpling soup
油条 deep fried dough sticks
花卷 steamed roll
锅贴 fried dumpling
包子 steamed stuffed bun
窝窝头 steamed corn bread
烧饼 sesame seed cake
有些涉及汉字形象或中国特有器皿形状的描写是很难直译的,只有采取变通处理办法,进行意译。如:
三个人品字式坐下, 闲聊了一会儿. The three men sat facing each other and talking for a while.
秦始皇兵马俑一号坑呈长方形,二号坑呈曲尺形,三号坑呈“凹”字型。三个坑呈“品”字型排列。可译为:
Pit No. 1 of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s terra cotta warriors and horses is oblong in shape. Pit No. 2 is
“L”-shaped and No. 3 is “U”-shaped. The three pits are arranged in a triangle.
汉武帝的陵墓形如复斗。 The mausoleum of Emperor Wudi of Han dynasty was constructed in aladder shape.
这样的英译虽不如汉语那样形象逼真,但也是一种较好的变通办法。
广袤无垠、絢丽多姿的神州大地和中华民族五千年的文明史所创造的不计其数的名胜古迹是中国悠久历史的见证,中国灿烂文化的缩影和中华民族勤劳智慧的结晶。名胜古迹的英译是宣传华夏文明、进行文化交流、帮助外国人了解中国的重要途径。但由于名胜古迹的取名常常涉及特定的历史背景,有丰富的文化内涵,口译起来比较困难,有的甚至根本无法翻译。因而,有些译员便采取简单的音译,或使用汉语拼音的办法予以应急,求得过关,但外国人听了却不知所云,毫无反应。因此,名胜古迹的口译除万不得已,应尽量采用意译或音译与意译并用的方法,译出其内容和含义,使外国人听其音,知其实,这样才能引起他们的兴趣,收到良好的效果。例如,以下名胜古迹采用意译,效果会好得多。
太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony / Hall of Grand Harmony
中和殿 Hall of Central Harmony
保和殿 Hall of Preserving Harmony
养性殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation
乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity
宁寿宫 Palace of Peace and Longevity
长春宫 Palace of Eternal Spring
储秀宫 Palace of Gathering Excellence
大观园 Garden of Grand View/ Grand View Garden
德和园 Garden of Harmonious Virtue
拙政园 Garden of Humble Administrator
乐寿堂 Hall of Happiness and Longevity
大慈悲寺 Temple of Great Mercy
慈恩寺 Temple of Thanksgiving
献福寺 Temple of Offering Happiness
独秀峰 Peak of Unique Beauty
天都峰 Heavenly Capital Peak
五老峰 Five Old Men Peak
大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda
六和塔 Pagoda of Six Harmonies
爱晚亭 Love Dusk Pavilion
陶然亭 Joyous Pavilion
万佛洞 Cave of Ten Thousand Buddhist Figures
紫云洞 Purple Cloud Cave
龙隐洞 Hidden Dragon Cave
烟霞洞 Cave of Morning Mist and Sunset Glow
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