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汉英两种语言属于不同的语系,在语言结构、表达方式、修辞手段和思维方式等方面都有各自的不同特点。但是,两种语言在词汇、句子结构、语序和文化内涵等方面又有一定的对等性。直译就是利用这种对等关系,口译时,在保证准确传递说话人原意的前提下尽量使原语在词语、句子结构和语序上与译入语保持一致。对等直译法是口译中最基本、最常用的方法,同时也是最有效、最实用、最简便的方法。
以下英语的汉译就是利用这种对等关系直译的。
(1) Today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors.
今天,科技使我们所有国家实际上成为邻邦。
(2) As you build a new China, America wants to build a new relationship with you; We want China to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world.
当你们建设一个新中国的时候,美国希望同你们建立一种新型关系,我们希望中国成功、安全、开放、同我们一起为一个更加和平、繁荣的世界而工作。
(3) In the 21st century----your century----China and the United States will face the challenge of security in Asia.
在二十一世纪——你们的世纪——中美两国要面对亚洲安全问题的挑战。
(4) One of our founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, once said: “Our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults.”
美国的奠基者之一, 本杰明﹒弗兰克林曾经说过:“批评我们的人就是我们的朋友,因为他们指出了我们的错误。”
以下汉语的英译也是利用英汉对等关系直译的。
(1) 首先,请允许我代表在座的,向我们的贵宾表示热烈的欢迎和真诚的问候。
First of all, please allow me, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guests.
(2) 虽然我们来自不同的背景,说不同的语言,但是,我相信我们将通过对体育的共同热爱找到共同的语言和共同的友谊。
Although we come from many different backgrounds and speak many different languages, I am sure we shall find a common language and mutual friendship through our joint interest in sports.
(3) 我相信中国的改革开放和稳定会给亚欧国家的商界带来可观的投资和贸易良机。
I am convinced that China's reform, open up and stability will provide the business community of Asian and European countries with tremendous investment and trade opportunities.
(4) 我们将坚持“和平统一”和“一国两制”的基本原则。
We shall adhere to the basic principles of “peaceful reunification” and “one country, two systems”.
(5) 我们的干部要能上能下
Our cadres should be ready to go up and equally ready to go down.
从句子结构来看,有以下几种常见句型,英语和汉语是基本对应的。
1. 主语+系动词+表语
2. 主语+不及物动词
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语
4. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语)
5. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)
6. There +系动词+主语
以下英语句子的汉译就是利用以上几种句子对等关系直译的。
(1) As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people; the American people are a great
people. If our two peoples are enemies, the future of this world we share together is dark indeed.
正如你在祝酒词中所说的,中国人民是伟大的人民,美国人民是伟大的人民。如果我们两国人民互相为敌,我们所共有的这个世界将黯淡无光。
(2) The distance between our two nations, indeed between any nations, is shrinking.
我们两国之间的距离,实际上,所有国家之间的距离都正在缩小。
(3) Over the past week, we have seen the glory of China’s past in Xi’an, the vibrancy of its present in
Beijing, the promise of its future in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
在过去的一星期,我们在西安看到了过去的中国灿烂辉煌,在北京看到了今日的中国生气勃勃,在上海和香港看到了未来的中国前途无量。
(4) On behalf of all the members of my delegation, I would like to take this opportunity to express our
sincere thanks to our host for their gracious hospitality we have received.
我愿借此机会,代表我们代表团的全体成员,对我们受到的友好款待,向我们的东道主表示衷心的感谢。
(5) So I hope we will have many more Americans coming here to study, many more Americans coming here to be tourists, many more Americans coming here to do business.
所以我希望我们还会有很多美国人到这里学习,很多美国人到这里旅游,很多美国人到这里做生意。