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驻印度大使孙卫东在印媒发表署名文章《中国西藏的发展和宗教信仰自由》(中英对照)

发布时间: 2019-11-11 09:14:30   作者:译聚网   来源: 外交部   浏览次数:


  活佛转世是藏传佛教独有的传承制度。达赖与班禅在西藏重要政治宗教地位的取得,始自清朝中央政府于1653年和1713年分别册封五世达赖和五世班禅。1793年,清朝中央政府颁布《钦定藏内善后章程二十九条》规定,大活佛转世必经金瓶掣签认定并报请中央政府批准。现在的十四世达赖于1940年由当时的国民政府批准坐床继位。十一世班禅是1995年经金瓶掣签,由中央政府批准于同年坐床继位。2007年,中国政府颁布《藏传佛教活佛转世管理办法》,将活佛转世纳入法治轨道。目前中国境内共有活佛1331位,其中西藏356名。他们的转世都要遵从国家法律法规、宗教仪轨和历史定制。

Reincarnation of living Buddha is the unique inheritance system of Tibetan Buddhism. In 1653 and 1713 the Qing emperors granted honorific titles to the 5th Dalai Lama and the 5th Panchen Lama, officially establishing the titles of the Dalai Lama and Panchen Erdeni and their political and religious status in Tibet. In 1793, the Qing government promulgated the Ordinance by the Imperial House Concerning Better Governance in Tibet (29 Articles), stipulating that the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama and other Living Buddhas shall follow the procedure of "draw of lots from the golden urn", and that the selected candidate is subject to approval by the central authorities of China. The current 14th Dalai Lama was approved by the then National Government of China and was enthroned through the "Sitting-in-Bed" ceremony in 1940. The 11th Panchen Lama was selected by draw of lots from the golden urn, approved by the central government of the People's Republic of China and then enthroned through the "Sitting-in-Bed" ceremony in 1995. In 2007, the Chinese Government promulgated the Management Measures for the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism, putting the reincarnation of living Buddhas under of rule of law. At present, there are 1331 Living Buddhas in China, among which 356 are in Tibet. Their reincarnation must all comply with national laws and regulations, religious rituals and traditional customs.

  2003年中印签署《中华人民共和国和印度共和国关系原则和全面合作的宣言》,印度承认西藏自治区是中华人民共和国领土的一部分,不允许西藏人在印度进行反对中国的政治活动。这一承诺在以后的中印双边文件中得以重申。中方对印上述表态表示赞赏,希望并相信印度作为负责任大国能坚定立场,恪守承诺,排除涉藏问题干扰,促进中印关系健康稳定发展。

On June 23, 2003, China and India signed the Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India, in which India recognizes that Tibet Autonomous Region is part of the territory of the People's Republic of China and India does not allow Tibetans to engage in political activities against China in India. This commitment was reaffirmed in subsequent bilateral documents between the two countries. China appreciates India's above position. China hopes and believes that India, as a responsible major country, will stick to its position, honor its commitments, resist interference on Tibet related issues and promote the healthy and stable development of China-India relations.


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