债务减免

    债务减免是指中国免除部分发展中国家对华到期政府债务。对于受援国对华政府债务，中国政府从不施加还款压力。在受援国偿还到期无息贷款遇到困难时，中国政府一向采取灵活的处理方式，通过双边协商延长还款期限。为进一步减轻经济困难国家的债务负担，中国政府在2000年中非合作论坛第一届部长级会议、2005年联合国发展筹资高级别会议、2006年中非合作论坛北京峰会、2008年联合国千年发展目标高级别会议、2009年中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议和2010年联合国千年发展目标高级别会议上，先后6次宣布免除与中国有外交关系的重债穷国和最不发达国家对华到期无息贷款债务。截至2009年底，中国与非洲、亚洲、拉丁美洲、加勒比和大洋洲50个国家签署免债议定书，免除到期债务380笔，金额达255.8亿元人民币。

四、对外援助分布

Debt Relief

Debt relief means that China cancels the mature governmental debts of some developing countries that they owe China. China never urges indebted countries to pay back governmental debts. When re-cipient countries encounter difficulties in repaying due interest-free loans, the Chinese government usually adopts flexible ways and ex-tends the period of repayment through bilateral discussions. To re-duce the debt burden on financially troubled countries, China has, on six occasions, declared that it would cancel debts incurred by mature interest-free loans owed to China by those heavily indebted poor countries and least developed countries which have diplomatic ties with China. Those occasions were the FOCAC First Ministerial Conference in 2000, UN High-Level Meeting on Financing for Development in 2005, Beijing Summit of the FOCAC in 2006, UN High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals in 2008, the FOCAC Fourth Ministerial Conference in 2009 and UN High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals in 2010. By the end of 2009, China had signed debt relief protocols with 50 countries from Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania, canceling 380 mature debts totaling 25.58 billion yuan.

Table 2  Statistics on Debts Owed to China That Have Been Canceled by the Chinese Government (by the end of 2009)

IV. Distribution of Foreign Aid

    中国对外援助的主要对象是低收入发展中国家。在援助领域分布中，中国重点关注受援国民生和经济发展，努力使援助更多地惠及当地贫困群体。

    地区分布

    中国对外援助地理分布比较均衡。受援国涉及亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲、加勒比、大洋洲和东欧等地区大部分发展中国家。中国对其中最不发达国家和其他低收入国家的援助比重始终保持在2／3左右。截至2009年底，中国累计向161个国家以及30多个国际和区域组织提供了援助，经常性接受中国援助的发展中国家有123个，其中亚洲30个、非洲51个、拉丁美洲和加勒比18个、大洋洲12个、东欧12个。亚洲和非洲作为贫困人口最多的两个地区，接受了中国80％左右的援助。    

The recipients of China’s foreign aid are mainly low-income de-veloping countries. Regarding the distribution of its foreign aid, China sets great store by people’s living conditions and economic development of recipient countries, making great efforts to ensure its aid benefits as many needy people as possible.

Geographical Distribution

The geographical distribution of China’s foreign aid shows a comparatively even coverage. The recipients cover most developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania and Eastern Europe. About two-thirds of China’s aid always go to the least developed countries and other low-income countries. By the end of 2009, China had aided 161 countries and more than 30 international and regional organizations, including 123 developing countries that receive aid from China regularly. Of them, 30 are in Asia, 51 in Africa, 18 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 12 in Oceania and 12 in Eastern Europe. Asia and Africa, home to the largest poor population, have got about 80% of China’s foreign aid.

Figure 2  Geographical Distribution of China’s Foreign Aid Funds in 2009

Figure 3  Distribution of China’s Foreign Aid According to the Income Level of Recipient Countries in 2009