无息贷款主要用于帮助受援国建设社会公共设施和民生项目。无息贷款期限一般为20年，其中使用期5年，宽限期5年，偿还期10年。目前，无息贷款主要向经济条件较好的发展中国家提供。

    优惠贷款

    优惠贷款主要用于帮助受援国建设有经济效益和社会效益的生产性项目和大中型基础设施，或提供成套设备、机电产品、技术服务以及其他物资等。优惠贷款本金由中国进出口银行通过市场筹措，贷款利率低于中国人民银行公布的基准利率，由此产生的利息差额由国家财政补贴。目前，中国提供的优惠贷款年利率一般为2％至3％，期限一般为15年至20年(含5年至7年宽限期)。截至2009年底，中国共向76个国家提供了优惠贷款，支持项目325个，其中建成142个。中国提供的优惠贷款61％用于帮助发展中国家建设交通、通讯、电力等基础设施，8.9％用于支持石油、矿产等能源和资源开发。

Interest-free loans are mainly used to help recipient countries to construct public facilities and launch projects to improve people’s livelihood. The tenure of such loans is usually 20 years, including five years of use, five years of grace and ten years of repayment. Currently, interest-free loans are mainly provided to developing countries with relatively good economic conditions.

Concessional Loans

Concessional loans are mainly used to help recipient countries to undertake productive projects generating both economic and social benefits and large and medium-sized infrastructure projects, or to provide complete plant, mechanical and electrical products, technical services and other materials. Concessional loans are raised by the Export-Import Bank of China on the market, and since the loan interest is lower than the benchmark interest of the People’s Bank of China, the difference is made up by the State as financial subsidies. At present, the annual interest rate of China’s concessional loans is between 2% and 3%, and the period of repayment is usually 15 to 20 years (including five to seven years of grace). By the end of 2009, China had provided concessional loans to 76 foreign countries, supporting 325 projects, of which 142 had been completed. Of China’s concessional loans, 61% are used to help developing countries to construct transportation, communications and electricity infrastructure, and 8.9% are used to support the development of energy and resources such as oil and minerals.

Figure 1  Sectoral Distribution of Concessional Loans from China

三、对外援助方式

    中国对外援助主要有8种方式：成套项目、一般物资、技术合作、人力资源开发合作、援外医疗队、紧急人道主义援助、援外志愿者和债务减免。

    成套项目

    成套项目援助是指中国通过提供无偿援助和无息贷款等援助资金帮助受援国建设生产和民用领域的工程项目。中方负责项目考察、勘察、设计和施工的全部或部分过程，提供全部或部分设备、建筑材料，派遣工程技术人员组织和指导施工、安装和试生产。项目竣工后，移交受援国使用。

III. Forms of Foreign Aid

China offers foreign aid in eight forms: complete projects, goods and materials, technical cooperation, human resource development cooperation, medical teams sent abroad, emergency humanitarian aid, volunteer programs in foreign countries, and debt relief.

Complete Projects

Complete projects refer to productive or civil projects constructed in recipient countries with the help of financial resources provided by China as grants or interest-free loans. The Chinese side is responsible for the whole or part of the process, from study, survey, to design and construction, provides all or part of the equipment and building materials, and sends engineers and technical personnel to organize and guide the construction, installation and trial production of these projects. After a project is completed, China hands it over to the recipient country.