20世纪80年代，西藏与全国一样掀起了改革开放和现代化建设热潮。1980年和1984年，中央先后召开第一次和第二次西藏工作座谈会，确定了西藏以经济建设为中心，从封闭式经济转变为开放式经济，从供给型经济转变为经营性经济的指导方针。中央政府制订了“土地归户使用，自主经营，长期不变”，“牲畜私有私养，自主经营，长期不变”等一系列有利于西藏经济发展的特殊优惠政策，推进了西藏的经济体制改革和对外开放，并从1984年起，由国家投资、全国九省(市)援建西藏43项工程等一批项目。改革开放政策的实施和国家的支援，壮大和繁荣了西藏经济，提高了西藏产业的整体水平和经济活动的商品化水平，使西藏经济社会发展跨上了一个新的台阶。

　　(五)根据新的形势，在实践中探索和形成新时期西藏工作的基本方针，不断加快西藏发展，维护局势稳定

The 1980s witnessed a great upsurge of the reform, open-ing-up and modernization drive in Tibet, as in all the other parts of China. In 1980 and 1984, respectively, the Central Authorities held the First and Second Tibet Work Forums, setting the guiding principles for work in the region — focusing on economic de-velopment, changing from a closed economy to an open one and from a planned economy to a market one. The central gov-ernment also formulated a series of special policies for economic development in Tibet, such as “long-term right to use and independently operate land by individual households” and “long-term right to have, raise and manage livestock by indi-vidual households,” to promote the reform of the region’s economic system and its opening-up program. Since 1984, 43 projects have been launched in Tibet with state funds and aid from nine provinces and municipalities. The implementation of the policy of reform and opening up and the state aid have in-vigorated the Tibetan economy, raised the overall level of in-dustries and the level of commercialization of economic activities in Tibet, and helped Tibet take another step forward in its economic and social development.

5. Exploring and formulating the basic policies for the work in Tibet in the new period as required by the new situ-ation, constantly speeding up the development of Tibet and maintaining its stability

　　达赖集团叛逃国外后，始终没有放弃“西藏独立”的主张和分裂国家的活动，在美国中央情报局的支持下，在印度宣布成立“西藏独立国”，在印度、尼泊尔建立了叛乱武装基地，长期对我边境实施武装袭扰。1964年，国务院第151次会议通过《关于撤销达赖职务的决定》，指出“达赖在1959年发动叛国的反革命武装叛乱，逃往国外以后，组织流亡伪政府，公布伪宪法，支持印度反动派对我国的侵略，并且积极组织和训练逃往国外的残余叛乱武装骚扰祖国边境。这一切证明他早已自绝于祖国和人民，是一个死心塌地为帝国主义和外国反动派作工具的叛国分子。”西藏实行改革开放后，达赖集团更是加紧进行渗透破坏，并于上世纪80年代末组织策划拉萨骚乱。中央政府采取有力措施，迅速平息了骚乱，并于1989年提出了指导西藏工作的十条意见，对统一思想、促进稳定发挥了重要作用，成为新时期西藏工作的转折点。1994年，中央政府召开第三次西藏工作座谈会，确立了以经济建设为中心，紧紧抓住发展经济和稳定局势两件大事，确保西藏经济加快发展，确保社会全面进步和长治久安，确保人民生活水平不断提高的新时期西藏工作指导方针；作出了中央关心西藏、全国支援西藏的重大决策；制定了一系列加快西藏发展的特殊优惠政策和措施，形成了国家直接投资西藏建设项目、中央实行财政补贴、全国进行对口支援的全方位支援西藏现代化建设的格局。2001年，中央召开第四次西藏工作座谈会，决定采取更加有力措施，进一步加大对西藏的支持力度，全面推进西藏的发展，促进西藏的稳定。1994年以来，中央政府先后安排60个中央国家机关、全国18个省市和17户中央企业，从人力、财物、技术、管理等方面对口支援西藏，对口援藏范围覆盖到西藏所有地市和73个县(市、区)。特别是1994年确定的62项援藏工程和2001年确定的117项援藏工程的全面完成，极大地改善了西藏的生产生活条件，为西藏经济社会发展注入了强劲的动力。与此同时，排除达赖集团的干扰破坏，圆满完成十世班禅转世灵童的寻访认定，批准认定坚赞诺布继任第十一世班禅额尔德尼，坚决开展对达赖分裂集团的斗争，维护了西藏的局势稳定。

Ever since the Dalai Lama and his clique fled abroad, they have stuck to their claims and efforts for “Tibet independence” and secessionist activities. With the support of the CIA of US, they proclaimed the setting up of an “independent Tibet” in India, and established bases for armed forces in India and Nepal, launching armed attacks on China’s borders intermittently. In 1964, at the 151st Conference of the State Council, the Decision on the Removal of the Dalai Lama from His Official Positions was adopted, which stated, “After the Dalai Lama staged the treasonous armed rebellion in 1959, he fled abroad and orga-nized a ‘government-in-exile,’ issued a bogus constitution, sup-ported Indian reactionaries who invaded our country, and engaged in the organization and training of remnants of Tibet’s armed forces who had fled abroad with the objective of attack-ing our borders. All this proves that he has alienated himself from the country and the people, and been reduced to a traitor working for imperialists and reactionaries abroad.” After the policies of reform and opening up were implemented in Tibet, the Dalai Lama clique pressed on with their infiltration and sa-botage activities, and plotted the Lhasa riots in the late 1980s, which were quickly quelled by resolute actions adopted by the central government. In 1989 the Chinese government put for-ward ten propositions to guide the development of Tibet, which served to unify the people’s thinking and promote stability, thus constituting a turning point for the work in Tibet in the new pe-riod. In 1994 the central government held the Third Tibet Work Forum, and set the guiding principles for work in the region in the new era as follows: Focusing efforts on economic develop-ment, firmly grasping the two major tasks of developing the economy and stabilizing the situation, securing a high-speed development of the economy, overall social progress and lasting political stability in Tibet, and ensuring the continuous improvement of the Tibetan people’s living standards. At the Forum, the Central Authorities also adopted the important decisions to devote special attention to Tibet and ask all other parts of China to aid Tibet, and formulated a series of special favorable policies and measures for speeding up the development of the autonomous region. The Forum led to the birth of a mechanism for all-round aid for the modernization of Tibet, in which the central government would directly invest in construction projects in the region, provide financial subsidies, and the other parts of the country would provide paired-up aid. In 2001 the Central Authorities held the Fourth Tibet Work Forum, at which it was decided that more effective measures would be adopted and efforts would be further strengthened to support Tibet and push forward in an all-around way the region’s development and stability. Since 1994 the central government has organized 60 state organs, 18 provinces and municipalities and 17 state-owned enterprises to provide aid to Tibet in the fields of human resources, finance and materials, technology and management in a paired-up way to cover all the cities at the prefectural level and 73 counties (including cities and districts at the county level) in Tibet. The completion of 62 aid projects identified in 1994 and 117 aid projects identified in 2001, respectively, in Tibet gave a strong impetus to its economic and social development. In the meantime, the central government overcame interference and sabotage from the Dalai Lama clique, identified the reincarnated soul boy of the 10th Panchen Lama, approving Gyaltsen Zangpo’s position as the 11th Panchen Lama, and resolutely struggled against the Dalai Lama’s secessionist group, all of which helped to maintain stability in Tibet.