妇女健康水平进一步提高。妇女平均预期寿命延长，2010年达到77.4岁，比2000年提高4.1岁。孕产妇死亡率大幅降低，由1990年的88.8/10万下降到2014年的21.7/10万，提前实现联合国千年发展目标。城乡和地区间孕产妇死亡率差距进一步缩小，孕产妇死亡率城乡差距由2000年的2.4倍缩小为2014年的1.08倍；2000年西部地区孕产妇死亡率是东部地区的5.4倍，2014年缩小到2.6倍。中国被世界卫生组织列为妇幼健康高绩效的10个国家之一。

　　五、妇女与决策管理

　　中国制定和实施相关法律法规和政策规划，保障妇女享有与男性平等的政治权利，妇女参政比例进一步提高，在国家和社会事务决策和管理中的作用增强。

Women's health has further improved. Women's average life expectancy grew to 77.4 years in 2010, an increase of 4.1 years over 2000. The maternal mortality rate has fallen significantly, from 88.8 per 100,000 in 1990 to 21.7 per 100,000 in 2014, meaning that China has achieved the United Nations Millennium Development Goals ahead of time. The gap in maternal mortality rate between urban and rural areas and between different regions has been further narrowed: The rural-urban gap decreased from a factor of 2.4 in 2000 to 1.08 in 2014. In 2000, the maternal mortality rate of western China was 5.4 times that of eastern China; the figure dropped to 2.6 times in 2014. The World Health Organization lists China as one of the 10 countries with high performance in maternal and child health.

V. Women and Decision Making

China has formulated and implemented laws, regulations and policy outlines to ensure that women enjoy equal political rights with men, which has resulted in a higher level of female participation in politics and a greater role played by women in decision making and management of state and social affairs.

　　完善促进妇女参与决策和管理的法律政策。制定和实施促进妇女参与决策和管理的积极措施，妇女参与决策和管理的人数和比例不断提高。各地制定的妇女权益保障法实施办法和选举法实施细则，普遍对地方各级人大代表候选人中的女性比例作出明确规定。国家制定专项规划，明确培养选拔女干部的目标指标和工作要求，并采取具体措施，提高各级女干部的人数和比例。《中华人民共和国村委会组织法》规定，“妇女村民代表应当占村民代表会议组成人员的三分之一以上”。《中国妇女发展纲要(2011-2020年)》提出，到2020年“村委会成员中女性比例达到30%以上。村委会主任中女性比例达到10%以上”“居委会成员中女性比例保持在50%左右”。2013年出台的《村民委员会选举规程》具体规定，“候选人中应当有适当的妇女名额，没有产生妇女候选人的，以得票最多的妇女为候选人”，并采取一系列措施提高村民委员会中的女性比例。

　　妇女参与决策和管理的比例提高。重视发挥妇女在人民代表大会中的作用，提高妇女在各级人民代表大会代表中的比例。2013年十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议女代表比例为23.4%，比20年前提高了2.4个百分点；少数民族妇女代表占少数民族代表的41.3%。注重提高妇女在社会主义协商民主中的参与度，重视发挥政协妇联界和女委员作用。2013年全国政协十二届一次会议女委员比例为17.8%，比20年前提高了4.1个百分点。中国共产党女党员的比例显著提高，2013年为24.3%，比1995年增加了8.7个百分点。各民主党派女性成员比例均高于20年前。妇女参与国家公共事务管理的人数不断增加。2013年中央机关及直属机构录用的公务员中女性比例为47.8%。近年来，地方新录用公务员中女性比例不断提高。

Improving laws and policies that boost women's participation in decision making and management. China has formulated and implemented proactive measures to boost women' s participation in decision making and management, which, in turn, has helped increase the number and proportion of women in decision-making and managerial positions. The detailed implementation rules of the Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women and the Electoral Law adopted by various places across China all include explicit provisions on the proportion of women candidates to local people's congresses. The state has formulated a special plan that defines the goals of and requirements for training and selection of women officials, and has taken concrete measures to increase the number and proportion of women officials at various levels. The Organic Law of the Village Committees of the People' s Republic of China rules that "female villager representatives should make up more than one third of the village committee." The Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020) states that "by 2020 the percentage of women in village committees will exceed 30 percent, and that female village committee heads should exceed 10 percent"; and that "the ratio in neighborhood committees should be around 50 percent." The Election Procedure of Village Committees issued in 2013 specifies that "village committee candidate lists should include a certain number of women; if not, those women who get the most votes should be candidates." This show that a number of measures has been adopted to improve the representation of women in village committees.

Women's participation in decision making and management has markedly improved. China values the role of women in people's congresses by improving their representation in the ranks of deputies to people's congresses at various levels. The ratio of women deputies to the first session of the 12th National People' s Congress in 2013 was 23.4 percent, 2.4 percentage points higher than 20 years ago; ethnic minority women deputies made up 41.3 percent of the total number of ethnic minority deputies. China sets store on improving women' s participation in socialist consultative democracy and the role of representatives of women's federations and women delegates to the Chinese People' s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The proportion of women members at the first session of the 12th CPPCC national committee in 2013 was 17.8 percent, 4.1 percentage points higher than 20 years ago. The ratio of female CPC members also markedly increased, reaching 24.3 percent, an increase of 8.7 percentage points from 1995. The ratio of women members in all other political parties (other than the CPC) is higher than 20 years ago. The number of women participating in the management of state public affairs keeps increasing. In 2013, the female employment ratio in central government agencies and their subsidiaries reached 47.8 percent. In recent years, the number of newly employed women civil servants has also increased steadily at local levels.