(二）文章中间段及常用句型 

中间段是文章的正文，其任务主要是依据开头段所交代的内容来阐述文章的论点，围绕主题或论点展开讨论,或就具体要求进行描述和说明。中间段篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长，每段有相应的主题句,包含定义、解释、描写等手法,以及说明主题思想的扩展句，采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段，当然不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。 

写好中间段,一定要注意下面几个写作要点： 

1.所涉及内容应该准确、清楚,颇具说服力；

2.段落中一定具备主题句；

3.段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节；

4.内容顺序安排合理,逻辑性较强；

5.段落之间连贯自然；

6.段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当；_

7.词与句型运用合理并且富有变化。 

 

写好中间段的方法也不唯一，下面给大家简要介绍几种常用的展开方法： 

1.列举法:用来列举一系列的原因、方法等等,使文章层次分明，条理清晰。阅卷老师在疲惫不堪 的状态下,看到这样的文章,往往会有种在清澈的小溪边小憩片刻的感觉，手一抬，分就高。如：

Eating wild animals gives rise to a lot of negative effects. In the first place，as many wild animals carry parasites，when we eat them，the parasites enter our bodies，thus causing a lot of illnesses. The severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) is a case in point. It was reported that the virus derived from a “delicious” animal and the disease has claimed thousands of lives throughout the world and brought great damages to people’s properties. In the second place, since animals are an indispensable part of our environment, the extinction of some animals may disturb the natural balance. Last but not least，eating wild animals is cruel. After all, wild animals are our close friends.

分析：这篇文章利用 “in the first place, in the second place, last but not least ”等词组列举了吃野生 动物所带来的危害。

 

2.因果法:这种方法用来说明原因，论述事理。

The hamburger is the most popular food item in the United States. Every year Americans consume billions of them. They are sold in expensive restaurants and in humble diners. They are cooked at home on the kitchen stove or over a barbecue grill in the backyard. Why are they so popular?

First，a hamburger is extremely easy to prepare. It is nothing more than a piece of ground beef, cooked for a few minutes. Then it is placed in a sliced bun. Nothing could be simpler. Even an unskilled cook can turn out hundreds of them in an hour. Besides that, the simple hamburger can be varied in many ways. You can melt some cheese on top of the beef to create a cheeseburger. You can also add some grilled bacon for an interesting flavor contrast. In addition, you can garnish the hamburger with other things such as lettuce, tomato, onion, mushrooms, avocado, pickles, hot pepper, ketchup, relish, mayonnaise, mustard or whatever 

you wish!

分析:文章先在第一段的结尾提出问题“汉堡为什么这么受欢迎”，紧接着在说明原因时，用上面提 到的列举法展开，“first，then, besides that”，让人感觉不落俗套,层次清晰。 

 

3.例证法:例证法是指举具体的事例来证明观点，这是议论文最常用的方法,尽量找最能体现观点 的例子，具体点，微观点’给人说服力。

Take my neighbor as an example. There are three members in their family and the two adults were laid off last year. The only child will have to drop out of school next semester. In order to help them, I donated all my money—300 yuan to pay the tuition. And I plan to call on others to donate more money. Though I cannot do a lot, I have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.

分析:文中以我帮助邻家孩子的事情为例说明了展示爱的方式，并在段落结束时重申了论点。 

 

4.定义法:定义法是指对文章中提到的某个概念、词语或观点以定义的方式进行解释。如：

Diligence is the key to success. It means persistent work and does not mean that we are to exert ourselves all day and night without rest，without food and without sleep. The true meaning of diligence is the careful use of time for the purpose of improvement, or to work persistently without any waste of time.

分析:本段用“means, meaning”对“diligence”进行了定义说明，使之更具体,更容易被理解。