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3) I don't think they would want to change for a different degree if they decide to come to Monterey for one more year.
以上例子中的could/would都属于错误的用法。要用虚拟语气,必须有—个表示条件的从句,如:If only she were here, then she would speak up. 否则就用陈述语气。当问及学生为何这样用时,他们表示这样做是为了表达一种“弱的假定”,也有说是为了表示一种“委婉的语气”。无论原因如何,这样的用法都是错误的。本篇翻译中也有类似的情况。例如:
原文:
自然,在热带的地方,日光是永远那么毒,响亮的天气,反有点叫人害怕。
原译:
...where bright sunny weather would sound a bit alarming to people like me
改译:
I well know that in the tropics, the blazing sun and the perpetual harsh glare can be intimidating.
原文:
就是这点幻想不能一时实现,他们也并不着急。
原译:
Even if the little fancy fails for the moment, it would not quite bother them.
改译:
And even if this is just wishful thinking,they don't really mind,because with this kindly winter why ask for more?
说明:
在本例中,我相信原译用would是为了表示虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示一种不切实际的假定。“假如这点幻想不能实现”是一个一般的条件,后面无需用虚拟语气。
原文:
设若单单是有阳光,那也算不了出奇。
原译:
Sunlight alone might not sufficiently make a wonder.
改译:
But there is more than just sunshine.
说明:
我相信原译者用might也是为了表示虚拟语气,因为原文出现了“设若”。如果要用might就需要一个表示条件的if。例如:Sunshine alone might not be enough IF it were not also for the heat.没有 if 条件句,这个句子读起来是不完整的。
原文:
请闭上眼睛想:一个老城,有山有水,全在天底下晒着阳光,暖和安适地睡着,只等春风来把它们唤醒。
原译:
Close your eyes and just picture: an old town in the midst of hills and waters is sleeping cozily in the sunshine and would not wake up until the call of a spring breeze.
改译:
Close your eyes and picture to yourself: an ancient town, with hills and lakes, dozing in the sunlight, warm and comfortable, waiting for the spring breezes to blow it awake.
说明:
这里原译者也许不是想用虚拟语气,而是想用would的另一种用法, 即表达过去的习惯。但既然是把过去的事情当作现在来描述(“历史现在时”),便没有必要用would; will即可。
原文:
就凭这些绿的精神,水也不忍得冻上。
原译:
The striving-for-greener vitality alone could have touched the soul of the waters to stop freezing.
改译:
That alone must prevent the water from freezing over.
说明:
Could have done sth.意思是“本能够做某事”,改译为must prevent用以传递“就凭……也不……”的意思,有些诙谐幽默。如用will prevent, 则显得直白无味。
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