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有时原文作者用一些含义笼统和概括的词句来表达某一事物、行为或情况,照字面意义译出不易使读者有明确理解,弄不清究竟指什么而言。这时就需要用明确具体的译词表达出来。这种情况相当常见 。试着以下各例。
1) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter cannot transmit sound.
这表明,没有空气的真空空间不能传播声音。(原义为“物质”)
2) The weather has a great effect on the farmer's work and the products of his work.
气候对农活和收成有很大的影响。(work原义为“工作”,product原义为“产品”)
3) A modern frigate or destroyer could well use up all her surface-to-air missiles in the first hours of a serious large-scale encounter.
在一次大规模海空战斗的最初几小时内,现代护卫舰或驱逐舰就可能将舰载的全部舰空导弹消耗殆尽。(encounter原义为“冲突”根据整个句意,具体译为“海空战斗”)
4) Electricity has preserved the names of some of its most famous workers in the words to express its volume, pressure, resistance, etc.
某些最著名的电学家的名字一直用在表示电容、电压和电阻等电专业术语中。(worker原义为“工作者”)
5) High voltage current is usually carried by overheadwire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted.
为防止人畜触电,高压电一般釆用高架线传送。Oiving thing原义为“生物”)
6) The crew of Apollo 13 returned safely, to the earth on April 17,1970.
阿波罗13号的宇肮员,于1970年4月17日安全返回地球。(crew原义为“操作人员”,试与下列的crew相比较)