（六）航天测控

    完善了地面测控站和远洋测量船，建立了由4个观测站和1个数据处理中心组成的甚长基线干涉测量网，初步具备了天基测控能力，基本建成天地一体、设备齐全、任务多样的航天测控网。目前，中国航天测控网正在逐步实现由陆基向天基、由地球空间测控向深空测控的拓展，不仅能满足卫星测控需求，还能为载人航天和深空探测等任务提供测控支持。

    （七）空间应用

6. Space Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C)

China has improved its TT&C ground stations and ships, and has established a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) network comprising four observation stations and a data processing center, indicating that China has acquired space-based TT&C capabilities; it has also established a multi-functioning TT&C network featuring space and ground integration, complete sets of equipment and ability to complete various tasks. At present, China's TT&C network is expanding from the ground to space, and from geospace TT&C to deep-space TT&C. The network is able to not only satisfy satellite TT&C demands, but also support human spaceflight and deep-space exploration.

7. Space Applications

    1.对地观测卫星应用。对地观测卫星应用的领域和规模不断扩大，业务服务能力不断提升，初步形成对地观测卫星应用体系。新建4个卫星地面接收站，提高了气象、海洋、陆地观测等卫星数据的地面接收能力；统筹建设对地观测卫星地面数据处理系统，提升了数据集中处理、存档、分发和服务能力；新建卫星环境应用中心、卫星减灾应用中心和卫星测绘应用中心等对地观测卫星应用机构，促进了对地观测卫星数据的推广应用；加强遥感卫星辐射校正场的定标服务，提高了对地观测卫星的定量应用水平。

    目前，对地观测卫星数据已广泛应用于经济社会发展各领域。“风云”卫星系列实现对台风、雨涝、森林与草原火灾、干旱、沙尘暴等灾害的有效监测，气象预报和气候变化监测能力明显提升。“海洋”卫星系列实现对中国海域和全球重点海域的监测和应用，对海冰、海温、风场等的预报精度和灾害性海况的监测时效显著提高。“资源”卫星系列在土地、地质矿产、农业、林业、水利等资源及地质灾害调查、监测与管理和城市规划中发挥了重要作用。“遥感”、“天绘”卫星系列在科学试验、国土资源普查、地图测绘等领域发挥了重大作用。“环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座”为地表水质与大气环境监测、重大环境污染事件处置以及重大自然灾害监测、评估与救援提供了重要的技术支撑。

1) Applications of Earth observation satellites

The fields and scope in which Earth observation satellites are used have been constantly expanding; these satellites' capabilities in providing business services have also been growing and an Earth observation satellite application system has initially taken shape. China has built four new satellite data-receiving stations, enhancing its ability to receive data from meteorological, ocean and land observation satellites. China has also established, based on comprehensive planning, the ground data processing system for Earth observation satellites, extending its ability in centralized data processing, data archiving, data distribution and services provision. China has established centers for environmental satellite application, satellite disaster-relief application, satellite mapping application and other application institutes for Earth observation satellites, promoting the spread and utility of Earth observation satellite data. China has improved calibration services of remote-sensing satellite radiation calibration fields, enhancing the quantitative application level of Earth observation satellites.

Today, Earth observation satellite data has been widely used in various fields for economic and social development. Fengyun satellites have effectively monitored typhoons, floods, forest and grassland fires, droughts, sandstorms and other natural disasters; their weather forecasting and climate change monitoring capabilities have also been enhanced remarkably. The ocean satellite series have monitored China's maritime territory and the world's key waters, and their forecasting accuracy for sea ice, ocean temperatures and wind fields have increased greatly, and their time efficiency in monitoring dangerous sea conditions has also been notably enhanced. The resource satellite series have played an important role in efforts to investigate, monitor and manage the resources of land, minerals, agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy, as well as geological disasters and city planning. Remote-sensing and Tianhui satellites have played an important role in scientific experiments, land censuses, mapping and other fields. The small satellites for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting have provided critical technical support for surface water quality and atmospheric environmental monitoring, major pollution events addressing, and major natural disaster monitoring, assessment and relief.