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如果按散文平铺直叙去理解,这几句诗似乎是指野老备好了酒菜,出门邀请客人来饮酒同乐,而过木桥时因桥狭窄而让行人 先过。这样去理解,这首诗那就贫乏无趣了。诗歌是浓缩的语言, 实际上,这一阙诗的意思是:野老备好酒菜邀请客人,走到桥边 看到对面有行人而让其先过,但突然认出了来者正好就是自己要 请的客人,就忙不迭地自己过桥去迎接。也许正是因为诗歌语言 这样简洁,才成为诗人墨客寄情的最好文体。但由于简洁而且跳动,理解起来就很困难。岑参《还高冠潭口留别舍弟》竟然使文 坛才俊千多年不得其解。请看,在同一种语言环境下,诠诗都如此困难,又何况翻译呢!
尽管如此,中国翻译界也一直在知难而进。大量的外国诗歌已翻译成册而出版;不少中国诗歌精华也被翻译成各种文字,满 足国外的需求。而且对诗歌的翻译也提出了不少原则与方法,其 中最有影响的是“三美论”即:“意美、音美、形美”。笔者以为, 将此作为一个标准是无可非议的,因为诗歌的确应当具备以上三 方面的美学要素或特质。按这一标准来衡量,也有不少翻译佳品。 我们不妨先来欣赏一首:
Counsel to Girls
Gather ye rosebud while you may
Old Time is still a-flying;
And this same flower that smiles to-day,
Tomorrow will be dying.
The glorious Lamp of Heaven, the Sun
The higher he's a-getting
The sooner will his race be run,
And nearer he's to setting.
That age is best which is the first,
When youth and blood are warmer;
But being spent,the worse,and worst
Times, still succeed the former.
Then be not coy, but use your time;
And while you may,go marry;
For having lost once your prime
You may forever tarry.
Robert Herrick