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驻苏丹大使马新民在《苏丹视野报》发表署名文章《国无农不稳,民无粮不安》(中英对照)

发布时间: 2019-11-11 09:19:29   作者:译聚网   来源: 外交部   浏览次数:


  三是始终坚持保障粮食安全。“洪范八政,食为政首”。中国人多地少,解决好十几亿人口的吃饭问题始终是国家的头等大事。中国政府毫不放松抓好粮食生产,推动藏粮于地、藏粮于技,划定18亿亩耕地红线,落实严格耕地保护制度,持续推进耕地轮作休耕制度,建立粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区。中国依靠自身力量端牢自己的饭碗,将粮食年产量提升5倍稳定在1.3万亿斤以上,实现了由“吃不饱”到“吃得饱”再到“吃得好”的历史性转变。

The third key, is her commitment to food security. As an ancient Chinese wisdom saying highlights, "among 8 most important governance issues, food stands atop". With a tremendous population but comparatively little land, China has always kept alerted on food issues. For food security, the Chinese government has practiced the sustainable farming strategy and innovative agricultural technology application. A 120-million hectares farm-land-red -line has been drawn and the strictest farmland protection practiced, making constant progress in farmland fallow rotation and designated protected areas for grain production and protected areas for important agricultural products production. By realizing a five-fold increase in annual grain production at 650 billion kilograms in total, China successfully attained self-reliant in food supply. The Chinese people now have not only enough to eat, but also a lot to choose from.

  四是始终坚持改革创新。中国政府坚持农业理论制度政策实践创新不止。这首先表现正确处理农民与土地关系,实行家庭联产承包责任制,稳定土地承包关系长期不变,实行农村承包地所有权、承包权、经营权“三权分置”,优化了土地资源配置及其制度。其次表现在始终坚持市场化改革方向,利用市场化手段促进农业发展,完善农村产权制度和市场要素配置,充分发挥市场在农业生产经营决策和农村资源配置中的决定性作用,其中“农民土地承包制”和“乡镇企业”被诺贝尔经济学奖得主科斯称为中国市场转型的两大重要力量。还表现在坚持农业科技创新,将科技作为农业发展的重要依靠,农业科技进步贡献率达到58.3%,粮食作物耕种收综合机械化率超过80%,农民面朝黄土背朝天、人拉牛耕成为历史。最后表现在坚持增加农业投入,建立地方为主、中央补助的政府投入机制,将农业农村作为国家固定资产投资的重点领域,围绕农村基础设施建设“补短板”,坚持把农业农村作为财政优先保障领域和金融优先服务领域,保持公共财政向农业农村发展倾斜。

The fourth key, is her commitment to reform and innovation. The first of such innovation is seen in its proper handling with the farmer-farmland relation. In China, land is owned by the government, while with the Family Contracting System, farmers are secured the right to contract and manage the farmland, in which farmer-farmland relationship is stabilized and the famers' initiatives encouraged, the allocation of land resources as well as the institutions thereof optimized. The second of such innovation is the market-orientation reform. With the decisive role of Market fully played in agricultural production, operation and rural resources allocation, agricultural development has been fostered, rural property right cleared and the allocation of market elements perfected. As quoted by Nobel Laureate Ronald H. Coase as, the Family Contracting System and Rural Cooperative Enterprises, are two of China's major innovations driving China into a market economy. Innovation also goes to agricultural science and technology, which are considered a vital impetus to agricultural development, to which the contribution of scientific and technological advances reaches 58.3% and the overall rate of mechanization 80%. Furthermore, innovation is seen in the agricultural input. Taking agriculture and rural areas as the key area for national fixed asset investment and committed herself to rural infrastructure improvement, the Chinese government has prioritized fiscal support and financial services for agriculture and rural areas, and given preferential measures in public finance to agriculture and rural areas.

  五是始终坚持城乡融合发展。中国改革开放始于农村,扩及城市,又反哺农村。中国政府推进城乡一体化,打破城乡二元体制,坚持城乡统筹协调发展,促进资源要素在城乡双向流动,建立健全以工促农、以城带乡长效机制,推进城乡公共资源均衡配置,推动城乡基本公共服务均等化。

The fifth key, is her commitment to the integrated development of urban and rural areas. China's reform and opening up initiated in rural areas and later extended to urban areas, with the latter nurturing back the former after development. In pursuit of urban-rural integration, China has ended the urban-rural dualism, adhering to coordinated development through overall planning, facilitated two-way flow of resources between urban and rural areas, and established and improved long-term mechanism for agricultural development through industry, pushing for a balanced allocation of public resources and promoting equitable rural access to basic public services.

  “农,天下之大本。”习近平主席说:“中国要强,农业必须强;中国要美,农村必须美;中国要富,农民必须富。”农业基础稳固,农民就安居乐业,农村就和谐安宁,国家安全稳定有序的大局就有保障。这是中国农业成就得出的基本经验和结论。

"Agriculture is fundamental to the country." As the Chinese President Xi Jinping noted, "While China is marching toward prosperity, beauty and affluence, strong agriculture, beautiful countryside and well-off farmers are 3 musts." If there is a developed agriculture, there would be feel-secured-and-happy-to-work farmers, and there would be harmony and safety in rural areas. If there are secured and happy-to-work farmers, and harmonious and safe rural areas, there would be stability, order and peace in the country. Such, is the basic experience and conclusion China got from its agricultural success.


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