依照宪法和有关法律，全国人大常委会决定全国总动员或者局部动员。国家主席根据全国人大常委会的决定，发布动员令。国务院、中央军委共同领导全国的国防动员工作，制定国防动员的方针、政策和法规，根据全国人大常委会的决定和国家主席发布的动员令，组织国防动员的实施。国家的主权、统一、领土完整和安全遭受直接威胁必须立即采取应对措施时，国务院、中央军委可以根据应急处置的需要，采取必要的国防动员措施，同时向全国人大常委会报告。

    地方人民政府贯彻和执行国防动员工作的方针、政策和法律、法规，组织本行政区域国防动员的实施。县级以上人民政府有关部门和军队有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的国防动员工作，按照职责落实国防动员计划和国防动员实施预案。

According to the Constitution and related laws, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) decides on general or partial mobilization. The president of the People's Republic of China, pursuant to the decisions of the Standing Committee of the NPC, issues mobilization orders. The State Council and the CMC work in combination to direct nationwide mobilization, formulate principles, policies and regulations, and organize the implementation of mobilization in accordance with the decisions of the Standing Committee of the NPC and mobilization orders issued by the president. When China's state sovereignty, national unification, territorial integrity or security are under imminent threat which requires an immediate action, the State Council and the CMC may take the necessary measures of national defense mobilization in response to the urgency and seriousness of the event, and at the same time report to the Standing Committee of the NPC.

Local people's governments organize and execute national defense mobilization within its administrative area in accordance with relevant principles, policies, laws and regulations. Related departments of local people's governments at and above the county level and those of the armed forces, within their respective scopes of duties, take charge of national defense mobilization work, and execute the programs and pre-arranged implementation plans.

    国家、军区和县级以上地方人民政府均设立国防动员委员会。国家国防动员委员会在国务院、中央军委的领导下，负责组织、指导、协调全国的国防动员工作，主任、副主任由国务院、中央军委领导兼任，委员由国务院有关部委和军队各总部有关领导组成。主要任务是贯彻积极防御军事战略方针，组织实施国家国防动员工作；协调国防动员工作中经济与军事、军队与政府、人力与物力之间的关系。各军区和县级以上地方人民政府国防动员委员会，负责组织、指导、协调本区域的国防动员工作。国防动员委员会设有办事机构，承担本级国防动员委员会的日常工作。目前，国家国防动员委员会设有人民武装动员、国民经济动员、人民防空、交通战备和国防教育等办事机构，军区和地方各级国防动员委员会设立相应办事机构。

    2010年2月，全国人大常委会审议通过《中华人民共和国国防动员法》，规范了国防动员平时准备和战时实施的基本内容，规定了公民和组织在国防动员活动中的义务、权利，完善了国防动员的基本制度。

At each level of the people's government from the county up to the state and in each military area command, there is a national defense mobilization commission. The State Commission for National Defense Mobilization, under the leadership of the State Council and the CMC, is in charge of organizing, directing and coordinating the nationwide national defense mobilization. The leaders of the State Council and the CMC take the positions of chairman and vice chairmen of the State Commission for National Defense Mobilization. Other members of the Commission include leaders of relevant ministries and commissions under the State Council, and leaders of the general headquarters/departments of the PLA. The core responsibilities of the Commission are to carry out the military strategy of active defense, organize and implement the state's defense mobilization, and coordinate relations between economic and military affairs, the armed forces and the government, and manpower and materials support in defense mobilization. Commissions for national defense mobilization of military area commands and local people's governments at and above county level are in charge of organizing, directing and coordinating national defense mobilization work within their respective jurisdictions. There are administrative offices in each commission for national defense mobilization to organize its routine work. At present, the State Commission for National Defense Mobilization has under its charge administrative offices responsible for the mobilization of the people's armed forces, national economy, civil air defense, transportation, and national defense education. The commissions in military area commands and local governments have under them corresponding offices.

In February 2010, the NPC Standing Committee passed the National Defense Mobilization Law of the People's Republic of China which specifies the peacetime preparations for and wartime implementation of national defense mobilization, stipulating the obligations and rights of each citizen and organization during mobilization and improving China's basic mobilization system.