医疗卫生事业不断发展健全。和平解放前，西藏只有3所设备简陋、规模很小的官办藏医机构和少量私人诊所，从医人员不足百人。2010年末，西藏有各级各类医疗卫生机构1352个，床位8838张，卫生技术人员9983人。以政府投入为主导，家庭账户、大病统筹和医疗救助相结合的农牧区医疗制度全面建立，以拉萨为中心、遍布城乡的医疗卫生网建立起来，实现了乡乡有卫生院、村村有卫生室。人民的健康水平显著提高。孕产妇死亡率由1959年的5000/10万人下降到174.78/10万人，婴幼儿死亡率由和平解放前的430‰下降到20.69‰，人均预期寿命从35.5岁提高到67岁。据第六次全国人口普查，西藏人口由和平解放前100万增加到现在的300.22万人，其中藏族人口271.64万人，占90.48%。

　　以养老、医疗、失业、工伤和生育五大保险为主体的覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系已经建立。自2009年11月开展新农保工作以来，截至2010年底，73个县(市、区)全部纳入新农保试点范围，累计向年满60周岁及以上农牧区居民发放基础养老金7631.55万元；企业退休人员人均养老保险待遇达到每月2439元，高于全国平均水平。城镇居民医保政策范围内住院费用报销比例达到75.1%。2010年年度医疗费最高报销额度达到13万元，是西藏城镇居民人均可支配收入14980元的8.7倍。参加社会保险总人数达到166.23万人，兑现各项社会保险待遇17.32亿元。城镇就业总人数达到52.71万人，城镇登记失业率为3.81%。

Tibet’s medical services are also constantly improving. Be-fore the peaceful liberation, there were only three small, shabby government-run institutions of Tibetan medicine and a small number of private clinics, with less than 100 medical workers altogether. By the end of 2010 there were 1,352 medical institutions of all types and at all levels in Tibet, with 8,838 hospital beds and 9,983 medical workers. A healthcare system in farming and pastoral areas has been established, with funds from the government comprising the major part, backed up by family accounts, and comprehensive arrangements for serious diseases and medical relief. A medical and healthcare network covering all counties and townships, with Lhasa as the center, has taken shape. Now, all townships in Tibet have health centers and all villages have clinics. Thanks to improvement in medical services, the Tibetan people’s health level has been raised. The death rate of women in childbirth has dropped from 5,000 per 100,000 to 174.78 per 100,000, and the infant mortality rate from 430 per thousand before the peaceful liberation to 20.69 per thousand. The average life expectancy has increased from 35.5 to 67 years. According to the sixth national census, the total population of Tibet increased from one million before the peaceful liberation to more than three million, of whom 2.7164 million or 90.48 percent were Tibetans.

Tibet has established a social security system mainly cover-ing basic pension insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance for urban workers, industrial accident insurance and maternity insurance, which cover all urban and rural residents. From November 2009, with the initiation of the New Rural Pension Social Insurance, to the end of 2010, 73 counties (cities and districts) were made pilot areas to try out the policy, granting accumulatively 76.3155 million yuan of basic pension insurance payments to residents over 60 years old in farming and pastoral areas. Pensions received by enterprise retirees reached 2,439 yuan per month per person, higher than the national average. The inpatient reimbursement rate for urban residents covered by the medical insurance policy reached 75.1 percent. The highest reimbursement of medical expenses in 2010 was 130,000 yuan, 8.7 times the per-capita disposable income of 14,980 yuan of urban dwellers in Tibet. The number of Tibetan people who have taken out social insurance stood at 1.6623 million, and 1.732 billion yuan of various social insur-ances have been collected. Meanwhile, there were 527,100 em-ployees in the urban areas, and the registered urban unemployment rate was 3.81 percent.