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《民族区域自治制度在西藏的成功实践》白皮书(中英对照)V

发布时间: 2018-03-28 09:39:49   作者:译聚网   来源: 国新网   浏览次数:


  教育事业日新月异,实现学有所教。全区所有县(区)全面完成普及九年义务教育,一个涵盖学前教育、基础教育、职业教育、高等教育、成人教育、特殊教育的比较完整的现代教育体系已经形成。实现了从学前到高中阶段15年免费教育,农牧区义务教育学生营养改善计划全面落实,政策和资金覆盖率均达到100%。“三包”(包吃、包住、包学习费用)政策覆盖学前教育到高中阶段所有农牧民子女和城镇困难家庭子女,且不断提高标准,年生均标准已提高到3000元。全面启动实施城镇三年、农牧区两年学前双语教育工程。2014年底,幼儿园在园幼儿达8万多人,学前教育毛入园率达60%。2014年底,全区拥有普通高等院校6所;中等职业学校9所,在校生1.7万人;高级中学22所,完全中学4所,初级中学93所,十二年和九年一贯制学校各3所,小学829所。小学适龄儿童入学率达到99.64%,青壮年文盲率下降至0.57%以内,人均受教育年限达到8.6年,新增劳动力受教育年限达到12年以上。1984年,中央政府作出“在内地为西藏办学培养人才”的重大战略决策,现有21个省市办有西藏班(校),已累计为西藏培养了大中专毕业生3.2万余人。目前西藏不仅有了自己培养的硕士、博士,而且有了一批享誉全国的专家、学者,逐步建立了近30个科研院所,有各类专业技术人员69709人,学科领域涉及历史、经济、人口、语言、宗教和农业、畜牧、林业、生态、生物、藏医药、盐湖、地热、太阳能等数十个门类。其中,藏学、高原生态、藏医药等学科研究在全国处于领先水平,产生了一批有世界影响的学术成果。



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Tibet's education has taken on a new look, and all children can now go to school. Nine-year compulsory education is practiced in all counties in the Region, and a complete modern education system is in place, covering preschool education, basic education, vocational education, higher education, adult education, and special education. Tibet has realized 15-year free education from the preschool stage to senior middle school, fully implemented the nutrition improvement plan for students under compulsory education in agricultural and pastoral areas, and realized 100 percent coverage in terms of both policies and funds. Tibet has covered all tuition, food, and boarding expenses for students from farmers' and herdsmen's families and those from families in urban areas with financial difficulties from preschool education to senior middle school education, and raised the subsidy standard many times to today's 3,000 yuan per student every year. Tibet has launched the campaign to provide three-year bilingual education for preschool children in urban areas, and two years for those in agricultural and pastoral areas. At the end of 2014, there were more than 80,000 children in kindergartens, and the gross enrollment rate for preschool education had reached 60 percent; there were six higher education institutions, nine secondary vocational schools with 17,000 students, 22 senior middle schools, four six-year middle schools, 93 junior middle schools, three nine-year education schools, three 12-year education schools, and 829 primary schools. The primary school enrollment rate reached 99.64 percent among school-age children, the illiteracy rate among young and middle-aged people fell to less than 0.57 percent, and the average length of education reached 8.6 years for the Region's general population and above 12 years for the newly-increased working population. Since the central government adopted the strategy in 1984 of "cultivating talent for Tibet in other parts of China," Tibetan schools and classes in 21 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government have cultivated more than 32,000 graduates from junior colleges and secondary technical schools for Tibet. Tibet has now cultivated its own postgraduate and Ph.D. students, built almost 30 scientific research institutions, compiled a group of renowned experts and scholars, and an army of 69,709 professionals in such areas as history, economics, demographics, languages, religion, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, ecology, biology, Tibetan medicine, salt lakes, and geothermal and solar energy. Tibet tops China in areas such as Tibetan studies, plateau ecology, and Tibetan medicine, and boasts academic achievements of world influence.



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