双语教育全面发展。20世纪50年代起，新疆逐步为少数民族学生开设汉语课程，积极稳妥推进双语教育。2014年，全区学前到高中阶段接受双语教育的学生达269.4万人，各种模式双语教育覆盖面达100%。2010—2014年，学前两年双语教育普及率由59%提高到89%。实践证明，双语教育进一步密切了各民族之间的关系，提高了少数民族人口的就业能力。

　　逐步完善教育保障机制。与全国同步实行农村中小学“两免一补”政策，免除城市中小学学杂费，实现义务教育全免费。在南疆普通高中和中等职业学校实行“三免一补”资助政策，南疆四地州实现14年免费教育。实施覆盖36个县及内初班所有学生的农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。建立完善从学前教育至高等教育的学生资助体系，资助范围扩大至海外新疆籍自费留学生，各族学生公平受教育的权利得到切实保障。

Bilingual education has undergone full development. As of the 1950s, ethnic minority students have gradually been offered bilingual courses, thus ensuing steady development in this regard. In 2014, a total of 269,400 Xinjiang students - from pre-school to high school - were receiving bilingual education, and the coverage of bilingual education in various forms reached 100 percent. From 2010 to 2014, the take-up of two-year pre-school bilingual education grew from 59 percent to 89 percent. Practice has proved that bilingual education has further promoted relations among different ethnic groups, in addition to improving the employability of the ethnic minorities.

The mechanism for guaranteeing education has improved. In tandem with the rest of China, Xinjiang has implemented the policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy" - exemption from miscellaneous fees and textbook fees, and subsidized living expenses for resident students, and abolishing tuition and miscellaneous fees for urban primary and middle schools and realizing free compulsory education. The policy of "three exemptions and one subsidy" has been implemented for high schools and secondary vocational schools in the four prefectures of southern Xinjiang, i.e., exemption from tuition, textbook and boarding fees, and subsidized living expenses for resident students, in order to realize 14-year free education there. A nutrition improvement program has also been implemented for all rural students undertaking compulsory education, covering 36 counties and all junior high school classes specially set up in some cities in Xinjiang for minority students from remote impoverished areas. A system for subsidizing students from pre-school to higher education has been established, and its coverage even extends to students from Xinjiang studying overseas at their own expense, ensuring that students from all ethnic groups enjoy equal access to education.

　　卫生事业稳步发展。经过60年的发展，卫生资源总量持续增长，卫生服务体系不断健全。2010年以来，卫生事业作为重要的民生保障目标，投入不断加大。2014年，有各级各类医疗卫生机构18873所、卫生技术人员153417人；每千人拥有医疗卫生机构床位数6.22张、执业(助理)医师2.38人、注册护士2.60人，均高于全国平均水平。重大传染病、地方病得到有效控制。突发事件卫生应急处置能力显著提升。人口主要健康指标显著改善。2010—2014年，婴儿死亡率从26.58‰下降到21.65‰，孕产妇死亡率从43.41/10万下降到39.27/10万，人均预期寿命达到72.35岁。

　　社会保障水平逐步提高。2011年，新疆在全国率先建立统筹城乡、覆盖全民的基本养老保险和基本医疗保险制度，实现人人享有基本社会保障。新型农牧区合作医疗保险参保率99.69%。新型农村社会养老保险参保率98.5%。失业、工伤和生育保险制度对职业人群全覆盖。2014年，各项社会保险参保总人次达到3348万人次，比2009年增加1073万人次，增长47%，各项社会保险覆盖率均达到90%以上，基本实现应保尽保。连续10年调整企业退休人员基本养老金，月人均基本养老金由2009年的1338元提高到2014年的2298元，增幅位居全国前列。连续4年提高失业保险待遇水平，2014年月人均领取失业保险金761元。城镇居民医疗保险财政补助人均年标准由2009年的120元提高到2014年的330元，比全国平均水平高10元。

Public health has been improved steadily. Through 60 years of development, total healthcare resources continue to expand, while the health service system continues to improve. As a major indicator of people's livelihood, since 2010, financial input in healthcare has kept growing. In 2014, Xinjiang boasted 18,873 medical and health institutions at various levels and of various types, manned by 153,417 health professionals. In the region, every 1,000 people averaged 6.22 hospital beds, 2.38 licensed (assistant) doctors and 2.60 registered nurses, a level higher than the national average. The health emergency response capacity has been significantly enhanced, and major epidemic and endemic diseases have been brought under effective control. Key health indicators have improved remarkably. From 2010 to 2014, the infant mortality rate fell from 2.66 to 2.16 per thousand, the maternal mortality rate went down from 43.41 to 39.27 per 100,000, and average life expectancy reached 72.35 years.

There has been a steady improvement in the provision of social security. In 2011, Xinjiang led the country in establishing systems of basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance that gave overall consideration to both urban and rural areas and cover all the local population, providing everyone access to basic social security. The coverage of the new cooperative medical system for agricultural and pastoral areas was 99.7 percent. The coverage of the new rural social pension insurance reached 98.5 percent. Unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance systems have been extended to cover all occupational groups. In 2014, there were 33.5 million registrations in Xinjiang's various social insurance schemes, an increase of 10.73 million or 47 percent over 2009. The coverage of these insurance schemes exceeded 90 percent, essentially ensuring that all those in need of insurance are provided for.

For 10 consecutive years, Xinjiang has adjusted the basic pension for enterprise retirees, increasing the basic monthly pension from an average of RMB1,338 in 2009 up to RMB2,298 in 2014, a level of increase that tops the whole country. For four consecutive years, the unemployment insurance benefits have been increased, with the per-capita average monthly unemployment insurance reaching RMB761 in 2014. The annual per-capita government subsidy for urban residents' medical insurance was raised from RMB120 in 2009 to RMB330 in 2014, RMB10 higher than the national average.