三、维护特定群体权利

　　妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人、少数民族等特定群体中的贫困人口是扶贫工作的重点对象。2012年以来，中国政府加大优先扶持政策力度，切实保障这些群体的社会保障权、健康权、受教育权等各项权利。

　　贫困妇女权利保障水平不断提升。国家落实《中国妇女发展纲要（2011-2020年）》，制定实施保障贫困妇女权益的政策措施。加强贫困地区妇女教育培训，培训中西部农村妇女200多万人。实施妇女小额贷款担保项目及财政贴息政策，促进城乡妇女创业就业。开展农村妇女“两癌”检查项目，每年为全国1000万适龄农村妇女进行免费宫颈癌检查，为120万适龄农村妇女进行免费乳腺癌检查，已覆盖532个贫困县。2011-2015年，中央彩票公益金投入4亿元，积极开展“贫困母亲两癌救助”。实施“母亲安居工程”“母亲健康快车”等公益项目，帮助贫困单亲母亲、患病贫困妇女改善生存和发展状况。建立完善新型社会救助体系，加大对贫困妇女的保障力度。2015年，全国获得低保及特困人员救助供养的居民达7121.5万人，其中女性约2609.4万人，所占比重为36.6%，基本实现了应保尽保。

III. Safeguarding the Rights of Specific Groups

The poor population in such specific groups as women, children, the elderly, the disabled and ethnic minorities are the focus of poverty reduction. Since 2012, the Chinese government has increased support for these groups in policy priorities to ensure their rights to social security, health, education and other services are effectively protected.

Protection of impoverished women's rights has been enhanced. The government has carried out the Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020), formulating and implementing policies and measures to protect poor women's rights and interests. It has strengthened education and training for women in poor areas, training more than 2 million women in rural areas of central and western regions of China. The government has implemented the small-loan guarantee program and a financial interest discount policy for women to encourage urban and rural women to find employment or start businesses. The government conducts a campaign of free breast and cervical cancer screening ("two cancers screening") for rural women every year which covers 532 impoverished counties, offering free breast cancer screening for 10 million rural women and cervical cancer screening for 1.2 million rural women. From 2011 to 2015, the central lottery public welfare fund provided RMB400 million in carrying out such public welfare projects as "treating poor mothers with breast and cervical cancers," "affordable housing for mothers," and "mothers' health express," through which it had helped poor single mothers and poor women who were sick to achieve better lives and better prospects for development. The government has established and improved a new social relief system to enhance the protection of poor women. In 2015, 71.22 million people around China received subsistence allowances and relief and assistance to support those in extreme poverty. Among these, 26.094 million were women, accounting for 36.6 percent of the total. In this way, those who qualified all received assistance and help.