医疗保障脱贫全面落实。中国政府不断加大健康扶贫工作力度，减轻农村贫困人口医疗费用负担，增强贫困地区医疗卫生服务能力，提高贫困地区群众健康水平，努力防止因病致贫、因病返贫，贫困人口健康权利得到切实保障。新型农村合作医疗制度逐步完善，覆盖97%以上的农村居民。2016年，新农合人均补助标准提高到420元，政策范围内门诊和住院费用报销比例分别达到50%和75%左右。全面实施城乡居民大病保险，覆盖超过10亿参保居民，报销比例不低于50%。全面建立疾病应急救助制度，开展重特大疾病医疗救助，全民医保制度防大病、兜底线的能力进一步增强，农村居民看病负担大大减轻。2012年以来，中央专项投资共安排794亿元支持贫困地区11万个卫生机构基础设施建设，改善贫困地区卫生服务条件。实施农村订单定向免费医学生培养、全科医生特设岗位计划等项目。深入实施城乡医院对口支援，组织全国三级医院对口帮扶贫困地区县级医院。2015年，基本公共卫生服务12大类45项得到全面落实，人均经费从2011年的15元提高到40元。实施农村妇女增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷、贫困地区儿童营养改善等项目，加强疾病预防控制和健康促进，贫困地区群众健康状况逐步改善。2016年，国家卫计委、国务院扶贫办等15个部门联合实施健康扶贫工程，为农村贫困人口与全国人民一道迈入全面小康社会提供健康保障。

　　农村兜底脱贫逐步实行。国家制定农村低保制度与扶贫开发政策相衔接实施方案，各地紧紧围绕贫困人口脱贫目标，完善政策措施，健全工作机制，努力实现农村低保制度政策性兜底保障，不断提高贫困人口社会保障水平。对于符合农村低保条件的建档立卡家庭，按规定程序纳入低保范围，根据家庭人均收入与当地低保标准的差额发给低保金。对于符合扶贫条件的农村低保家庭，按规定程序纳入建档立卡范围，根据不同致贫原因予以精确帮扶。对于脱贫后再返贫的家庭，分别纳入临时救助、医疗救助、农村低保等社会救助制度和建档立卡帮扶政策范围。2015年，全国保障农村低保对象共4903.6万人，农村低保标准从2011年的平均每人每月143元提高到265元；农村特困人口集中和分散供养年人均标准分别达到6026元和4490元，比2012年同期分别增长48.4%和49.3%。

Poverty alleviation through medical security has been implemented. The Chinese government continues to strengthen its poverty alleviation effort through promoting medical security, reducing the medical costs of the impoverished population in rural areas, strengthening medical and health services in poverty-stricken areas, and improving the health of people in these areas, so that they are not reduced to or returned to poverty because of illness. All this has ensured the right to health. Improvement has been made in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS), which covers over 97 percent of rural residents. In 2016, the NRCMS offers a per capita subsidy of RMB420, and reimbursement ratios of outpatient and inpatient costs reached 50 percent and 75 percent. Serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents has been fully implemented, covering more than one billion residents with a reimbursement ratio of no lower than 50 percent. A medical emergency relief system has been established to help people suffering from serious illnesses, and universal medical care has been further improved to cover major illnesses, significantly reducing the medical costs of rural residents. Since 2012, the central government has allocated RMB79.4 billion to support infrastructure construction at 110,000 health service units in poverty-stricken areas. Programs have been carried out to offer free medical education to rural students who will return to serve in their areas, to send general practitioners to clinics in rural areas, to pair up hospitals in urban and rural areas to enable medical assistance, and to organize state-level hospitals to help and support county-level hospitals in poverty-stricken areas. In 2015, 45 items in the 12 categories of basic public health services were implemented, with per capita subsidy rising from RMB15 in 2011 to RMB40. Programs have been carried out to ensure that women in rural areas have access to folic acid supplements in order to prevent neural tube defects, and to improve child nutrition in poverty-stricken areas, in an effort to strengthen disease prevention and control and promote good health. Thanks to these efforts the health of the impoverished population has gradually improved. In 2016, the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development, and 13 other departments jointly launched a poverty alleviation project through health promotion, so as to ensure that the impoverished rural population will welcome the arrival of a moderately prosperous society with the rest of the nation.

Programs are being implemented to lift all rural residents out of poverty. The state has released a plan to align the subsistence allowances system with development-oriented poverty alleviation policies in rural areas. Focusing on the goals of poverty eradication, all localities are improving their policies, measures, and working mechanisms to offer subsistence allowances to the most impoverished rural residents, striving to increase the standards of social security for the impoverished population. Registered rural families eligible for subsistence allowances are included in the subsistence allowance system in accordance with established procedures, and they receive the allowances based on the gap between their per capita household income and local subsistence allowance standards. Rural families covered by the subsistence allowances and eligible for poverty reduction programs are registered in accordance with established procedures, and receive help and support based on the different causes of their poverty. Families which were lifted out of poverty but have returned to poverty are included in temporary relief, medical relief, rural subsistence allowances and other social relief systems, and are registered for help and support. In 2015, the number of recipients of rural subsistence allowances was 49.04 million, with the standard raised from RMB143 per person per month in 2011 to RMB265. Per capita expenditure on supporting rural population in dire poverty in nursing homes and at their own homes reached RMB6,026 and RMB4,490, growing by 48.4 percent and 49.3 percent compared with the 2012 levels.