在改革开放中，中国共产党将尊重和保障人权作为执政主张，不断赋予中国人权发展新的内涵。1997年，中共十五大明确提出，“保证人民依法享有广泛的权利和自由，尊重和保障人权”。2002年，“尊重和保障人权”作为社会主义政治文明建设的重要目标写入中共十六大报告。2007年，中共十七大报告进一步指出要“尊重和保障人权，依法保证全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利”。同年，“尊重和保障人权”首次载入《中国共产党章程》。
In the course of reform and opening up, the CPC has made respecting and protecting human rights a goal of its governance, and added new elements to advancing the cause. In 1997, the 15th CPC National Congress committed to: “…ensuring that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedom endowed by law, and respecting and guaranteeing human rights.” In 2002, “Human rights are respected and guaranteed” was written into the report to the 16th CPC National Congress as an important goal of socialist political progress. In 2007, the report to the 17th CPC National Congress further pointed out: “We must respect and guarantee human rights, and ensure the equal right to participation and development for all members of society in accordance with the law.” And in the same year, this principle was written for the first time into the CPC Constitution.
在改革开放中，中国坚持依宪治国，为促进人权事业全面发展提供根本法保障。1982年，第五届全国人大五次会议通过了现行宪法。宪法明确规定了中国社会主义民主的主要内容和基本形态，全面系统规定了全体人民享有广泛的公民权利、政治权利和经济、社会、文化权利。此后，全国人大五次通过宪法修正案，从基本经济制度、分配制度、保护公民私有财产、建立健全社会保障制度等方面，不断加强对人权的保护。特别是2004年3月，第十届全国人大二次会议将“尊重和保障人权”写入宪法，有力保障和推进了中国人权事业发展。
In the course of reform and opening up, China adheres to governance based on the Constitution, which provides the fundamental legal guarantee for comprehensive progress in human rights. In 1982, the Fifth Session of the Fifth NPC adopted the current Constitution of the PRC, which clearly defines the substance and basic form of socialist democracy. It provides that all citizens are entitled to civil rights, political rights, and economic, social and cultural rights. In the following years, the NPC adopted five amendments to the Constitution to better protect human rights. These covered the basic economic system, distribution system, protection of citizens’ private property, and social security system. In particular, the amendment adopted at the Second Session of the 10th NPC added the line “The State respects and preserves human rights” into the Constitution, a move that has strongly guaranteed and advanced human rights in China.
在改革开放中，中国努力将促进人权事业发展纳入国家发展战略和规划。1991年，中国发布第一部人权白皮书——《中国的人权状况》。制定并实施国家人权行动计划，确定尊重和保障人权的阶段性目标、任务。国家还制定了经济、文化、社会和环境等方面的专项行动计划，以及保障少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人等特定群体权利的专项规划，努力促进全体人民共同享有充分权利。
In the course of reform and opening up, China has incorporated the protection of human rights into national development strategies and plans. In 1991, the Chinese government published its first white paper on human rights – Human Rights in China. It formulated and implemented the National Human Rights Action Plan, which set phased goals and tasks for respecting and safeguarding human rights. China has also made targeted action plans relating to the economy, culture, society, the environment and other fields, as well as plans to protect the rights of specific groups, such as ethnic minorities, women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities, to ensure that all the people of China can fully enjoy their rights.
在改革开放中，中国进一步建立并完善了适合本国国情的人权保障制度，初步形成了中国特色人权保障体系。国家建立了最低生活保障制度、最低工资保障制度、劳动保障监察制度和劳动人事争议处理制度、就业救助制度、中小学义务教育制度等；通过民法通则和侵权责任法等建立了人格权保护体系，推进户籍制度改革，并不断完善选举制度、基层群众自治制度、政务信息公开制度、诉讼制度、知识产权保护制度等。
第三个时期：2012年中共十八大召开，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，大力保障和改善民生，加强人权法治保障，中国人权事业得到全面发展。
In the course of reform and opening up, China has established and improved institutions for protecting human rights that are suited to its national conditions. A human rights protection system with Chinese characteristics has taken shape. The Chinese government has put into place a number of systems and mechanisms, including those dealing with subsistence allowances, the minimum wage, labor security supervision, labor dispute settlement, employment assistance, and compulsory education (primary and middle schools). With the promulgation of the General Principles of the Civil Law and Tort Liability Law, China has established a system of protection for the right to dignity. In addition, it has advanced household registration reform, and made consistent improvements to the election system, the community-level self-governance system, the system for transparency of government affairs, the litigation system and the system for intellectual property protection.
The third phase: The 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 marks the advent of a new era for socialism with Chinese characteristics. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China espouses the people-centered development philosophy, works hard to ensure and improve people’s wellbeing, and continues to strengthen legal protection for human rights. As a result, the cause of human rights in China has made headway on all fronts.
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