新中国的成立，实现和捍卫了真正完全的民族解放和国家独立，为中国人民的生命、自由和人身安全提供了根本保障，为中国人民各项权利得到有效保障和不断发展创造了根本条件。
新中国建立和巩固了人民民主的政治制度，保障人民当家作主的权利。在新中国成立前夕，通过了具有临时宪法作用的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》，规定人民享有选举权和被选举权以及广泛的政治权利和自由；妇女在政治、经济、文化教育、社会生活各方面均有与男子平等的权利。1954年，第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法》，确立了人民民主原则和社会主义原则，确立了人民代表大会制度，在制度上保障了国家一切权力属于人民，并设立专章规定了公民的基本权利和义务。
With the founding of the PRC, China achieved and then defended true, complete national liberation and independence, which provided the fundamental guarantee for the subsistence, freedom, and personal security of the people, and created fundamental conditions to effectively protect and continuously improve all of their rights.
The PRC established and consolidated the political system of people’s democracy, which guarantees the people’s rights to be masters of their country. The Common Program of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, which was adopted on the eve of the founding of the PRC and served as the provisional Constitution of China, stipulates: people have the right to vote and to stand in election in addition to a wide range of political rights and freedoms; and women have the same rights as men in all respects, including politics, economy, culture, education and social life. The 1954 Constitution of the PRC, which was adopted at the First Session of the First National People’s Congress (NPC), set up the principles of people’s democracy and socialism, established the system of people’s congresses, and provided institutional guarantees for ensuring all power in the PRC belongs to the people. It included a chapter specifying the basic rights and obligations of citizens.
新中国开展各项民主改革和社会事业建设，为促进经济社会发展和保障人权创造了条件。土地改革运动废除了地主阶级封建剥削的土地所有制，中国农民真正从经济上翻身做了主人，被束缚的农村生产力获得解放，广大农民的经济地位和生活状况大大改善。从1950年起，对国营厂矿交通企业的生产和管理制度进行民主改革，建立工厂管理委员会和职工代表大会，使工人真正成为企业的主人。1950年，颁布实施婚姻法，废除包办强迫、男尊女卑、漠视子女利益的封建婚姻制度，实行婚姻自由、一夫一妻、男女权利平等、保护妇女和子女合法利益的新婚姻制度。促进教育、医疗卫生事业发展，建立劳动保险和社会救济制度，初步形成以单位为组织形式的社会保障体系。
The various democratic reforms and social programs carried out by the PRC during this period created conditions for economic and social development and protection of human rights. The land reform in the early 1950s abolished the feudal system of land ownership that allowed for exploitation by the landlord class. As a result, Chinese peasants were economically liberated and became masters of their country. Suppressed rural productive forces were unleashed and peasants’ economic status and living standards were greatly improved. The democratic reform of the production and management of state-owned factories, mines, and transportation operators that started in 1950 set up factory management committees and workers’ congresses in these entities, and hence made workers true masters of their enterprises. The Marriage Law promulgated in 1950 abolished the feudal marriage system that sanctioned arranged or forced marriages, enabled men’s superiority over women, and neglected children’s interests. It established a new marriage system featuring monogamy, freedom of marriage, gender equality, and protection of the legitimate interests of women and children. In addition, China promoted education and healthcare, established labor insurance and social relief systems, and created a nascent social security system with public employers being the building blocks.
新中国建设独立完整的国民经济体系，推动经济发展，为保障人权奠定经济基础。新中国迅速医治战争创伤，仅用三年时间，就使国民经济和人民生活恢复到历史最高水平。在此基础上，不失时机地对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业进行社会主义改造，建立了社会主义的基本经济制度，为人民平等参与经济发展和分享劳动成果提供了基本的社会制度保证。
新中国彻底否定了民族压迫和民族歧视，发展民族平等、互助、团结关系。民族区域自治制度的成功实行，有效保障了少数民族在祖国大家庭中的平等权利和少数民族管理本民族、本地区事务的自治权利。
The PRC established a complete, comprehensive economic system to boost economic growth, which laid the economic foundations for human rights protection. The newborn People’s Republic quickly recovered from the devastation of past wars. In only three years its economy and the people’s standard of living rose to the highest level in history. On this basis China started socialist transformation of agriculture, handcrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, and established a basic economic system of socialism. This provided the basic institutional guarantee for the people to participate in economic development and share the fruits of their work on an equal footing.
The PRC soundly rejects ethnic oppression and discrimination, and forges an interethnic relationship characterized by equality, mutual help and unity. The success of the system of regional ethnic autonomy effectively guarantees the equal rights of all ethnic minority groups in China as well as their right of autonomy in handling affairs of their own groups and regions.
第二个时期：1978年实行改革开放，成功开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，极大地解放和发展了社会生产力，人民生存权、发展权和各项基本权利不断得到更好保障，中国人权事业得到大发展。
改革开放是中国共产党在新的时代条件下带领全国各族人民进行的新的伟大革命。中国共产党带领人民深刻总结我国社会主义建设正反两方面经验，坚持走社会主义道路，坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，建设中国特色社会主义。中国共产党把发展作为执政兴国的第一要务和解决中国所有问题的关键，大力发展社会生产力，努力以发展促进人权保障，极大地调动了亿万人民的积极性。
The second phase: The reform and opening up launched in 1978 opened the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and has emancipated and developed the productive forces to a great extent. As a result the people’s rights to subsistence and development and other basic rights are better protected, and the cause of human rights in China has made huge progress.
Reform and opening up was a great new revolution undertaken by the people of China and led by the CPC under the new conditions of that era. Under the leadership of the CPC, the people review experiences and lessons drawn from socialist construction, adhere to the path of socialism, keep economic development as our central task, uphold the Four Cardinal Principles and reform and opening up, and build socialism with Chinese characteristics. The CPC pursues development as its top priority in governance and rejuvenation of the nation and the key to solving all China’s problems. It vigorously builds up productive forces and strives to better protect human rights through development, and has thereby aroused great enthusiasm among the people.
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