达赖喇嘛这个藏传佛教格鲁派大活佛的称号及其历史地位和影响与中央政府的封授密不可分。1653年，五世达赖应召进京朝见清朝顺治皇帝，被册封并授予金册金印。从此达赖喇嘛的封号及其在西藏的政教地位得以确立。1793年，清朝颁布《钦定藏内善后章程二十九条》，确立达赖喇嘛转世的金瓶掣签制度。1940年2月5日,国民政府颁布“府字第898号”令，批准青海省湟中县祁家川5岁男童拉木登珠为第十三世达赖喇嘛转世，并根据西藏地方政府免于金瓶掣签的请求，特准继任为第十四世达赖喇嘛，拨付坐床大典所需经费四十万元。2月22日，循历史定制，中央政府代表吴忠信与热振活佛一起主持了十四世达赖的坐床典礼。拉木登珠成为十四世达赖，其合法性来自中央政府关于达赖喇嘛制度的规定和国民政府的批准认可。
1949年中华人民共和国成立后，为争取和平解放西藏，中央政府组织开展了大量的政治争取工作。1950年11月，西藏地方政府主张亲帝和分裂的摄政达扎·阿旺松饶被迫下台，十四世达赖提前亲政，新中国领导人对他表示祝贺。在中央政府民族平等政策与和平解放西藏方针的感召下，十四世达赖和西藏地方政府派出以阿沛·阿旺晋美为首席代表的代表团到北京谈判。西藏实现和平解放后，中央人民政府驻藏代表带着新中国领导人毛泽东写的亲笔信抵达中印边境小城亚东，劝导在那里观望形势的十四世达赖返回拉萨。新中国领导人在信中指出：“这个协议是符合西藏民族和人民的利益，同时也符合于全中国各族人民的利益。从此西藏地方政府和西藏人民在伟大祖国大家庭中，在中央人民政府统一领导下，得以永远摆脱帝国主义的羁绊和异族的压迫，站起来，为西藏人民自己的事业而努力。我希望你领导的西藏地方政府认真实行关于和平解放西藏办法的协议，尽力帮助人民解放军和平开进西藏地区。”7月21日，十四世达赖启程返回拉萨。10月24日，十四世达赖代表西藏地方政府公开声明完全接受《十七条协议》。
Dalai Lama is a leading incarnation in the hierarchy of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Its historical status and influence have been closely associated with conferment by the central government. In 1653, the 5th Dalai Lama was summoned to an audience with Qing Emperor Shunzhi, who conferred on him the title of Dalai Lama and issued a gold imperial edict and gold seal to him, officially establishing the title and its political and religious status in Tibet. In 1793, the Qing government enacted the 29-article Authorized Regulations for the Better Government of Tibet. These regulations established the system of drawing lots from a golden urn in relation to the authenticity of the reincarnation of Dalai Lama. On February 5, 1940, the central government of the Republic of China (1912-1949) issued edict No. 898 to approve the status of the five-year-old boy Lhamo Thondup, born in Qijiachuan, Huangzhong County, Qinghai, as the incarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama and his enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama, and give consent to the local government's request to waive the lot-drawing convention. The central government granted 400,000 yuan to cover his enthronement costs. On February 22, following established historical traditions, the central government representative Wu Zhongxin and the Tibetan Regent Reting Hutuktu presided over the enthronement ceremony of the 14th Dalai Lama. Lhamo Thondup's enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama owed its legality to the central government's regulations on the Dalai Lama system, and approvement by the government of the Republic of China.
After the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the central government invested extensive efforts to achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet. In November 1950, the pro-imperialist separatist Regent Taktra Ngawang Sungrab was forced to resign. The 14th Dalai Lama assumed power and won congratulations from the leadership of New China. Inspired by the central government's policy of equality of all ethnic groups and the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the 14th Dalai Lama and the local government of Tibet sent a delegation led by Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme to Beijing for talks with the central government. After Tibet was peacefully liberated, the 14th Dalai Lama waited at Dromo in Tibet, near the Indian frontier, to see how events would proceed. A representative of the Central People's Government arrived with a letter written by Mao Zedong, leader of New China, which tried to persuade the Dalai Lama to return to Lhasa. Chairman Mao pointed out in his letter, "The Agreement is in the interests of the Tibetan ethnic group and its people as well as that of people of all other ethnic groups of China. Henceforth, the local government and people of Tibet, as part of the greater family of the motherland under the unified leadership of the Central People's Government, will forever break free from the shackles of imperialism and foreign oppression, and stand up to strive for the cause of the people in Tibet. I hope that the local government of Tibet, with you in charge, will seriously implement the Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet and do its best to help the People's Liberation Army enter Tibet peacefully." On July 21, the 14th Dalai Lama left Dromo for Lhasa. On October 24, on behalf of the local government of Tibet, he made a public statement accepting in full the 17-Article Agreement.
上一篇：《西藏发展道路的历史选择》白皮书（中英对照）VIII
下一篇：《西藏发展道路的历史选择》白皮书（中英对照）VI
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。