一、不断完善人权保障法律体系
完备的法律体系是实现人权法治化保障的前提和基础。中共十八大以来，中国更全面地构建起以宪法为核心，以法律为主干，包括行政法规、地方性法规等规范性文件在内的，由多个法律部门组成的中国特色社会主义法律体系，为保障人权夯实法制基础。
完善立法体制机制。修改立法法，加强对法规、规章和规范性文件的备案审查制度，明确规定主动审查、向审查申请人反馈及向社会公开制度，依法撤销和纠正违宪违法的法规、规章和规范性文件，保证宪法法律有效实施。2016年，立法机关对行政法规、司法解释进行备案审查37件，有重点地对地方性法规开展主动审查，处理各方面提出的审查建议92件。优化立法权配置，适应地方发展需求，赋予240个设区的市、30个自治州、4个不设区的地级市地方立法权。截至2017年10月，新获地方立法权的市（州）已制定地方性法规456件，制定地方政府规章193件。立法法明确规定，没有上位法依据，部门规章和地方政府规章不得设定减损公民、法人和其他组织权利或者增加其义务的规范，不得增加本部门的权力或者减少本部门的法定职责。将应由立法解决的重大改革措施列入立法规划，适时修改或废止不适应改革要求的法律。2013年至2017年6月，全国人大常委会依照法定程序作出17项立法授权和改革决定，确保有关改革在法制框架内依法有序推进。推进民主立法，完善立法论证、听证、法律草案公开征求意见等制度，使每一项立法反映人民意志。截至2017年10月，十二届全国人大常委会已74次就法律草案公开征求意见。其中，就民法总则草案进行3次审议，3次向社会公开征求意见，组织数十场专家咨询会，共收到15422人次提出的70227条意见；收到针对刑法修正案（九）草案二次审议稿的意见达11万多条。
I. Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human Rights
A complete system of laws is the precondition and the basis for realizing legal protection of human rights. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has, to a fuller extent, established the Chinese socialist legal system with the Constitution at the core, the laws as the main body, including administrative and local regulations, and various law-related departments, thus laying a solid legal foundation for ensuring human rights.
Improving legislative systems and mechanisms. China has revised the Legislation Law, and strengthened the systems for documenting and reviewing regulations, rules, and other normative documents. There is a clear provision that relevant bodies must take the initiative in reviewing normative documents, send feedback to those who request to have the documents reviewed, and release the results to the public. China has rescinded and corrected laws, regulations and normative documents which conflicted with the Constitution or laws, so that there is no impediment to the functioning of the Constitution and other laws. In 2016 legislative bodies reviewed and put on record 37 administrative regulations and judicial interpretations, reviewed local regulations in targeted areas, and handled 92 requests to review such documents.China has improved the allocation of legislative power in the context of local development, and accorded local legislative powers to 240 cities with districts, 30 autonomous prefectures, and 4 prefecture-level cities. By October 2017 the cities and prefectures with newly accorded legislative powers had issued 456 local regulations and 193 government rules. It is stipulated in the Legislation Law that rules and regulations made by a department or local government, if not based on laws enacted by upper levels, must not impair the rights of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations, or increase the scope of their obligations, and must not increase the power of that department or reduce that department' s duties prescribed by law.
China has included in its legislation program major reform measures that need to be addressed through legislative procedure, and has revised or abolished laws that fell out of pace with reform. From 2013 to June 2017, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) made 17 legislation authorizations and reform decisions in accordance with legal procedures, ensuring that relevant reforms proceed in an orderly manner within the legal framework.
China has improved its legislative process, including procedures such as discussions, hearings, and soliciting public opinion on draft laws, so that the laws reflect the people's will. By October 2017 the 12th NPC Standing Committee had solicited public opinion on draft laws on 74 occasions. For the draft General Provisions of Civil Law alone, the Standing Committee held three deliberation sessions, sought public opinion on three occasions and organized several dozen expert meetings, and received 70,227 suggestions from 15,422 people. When deliberating on the second reading draft of Amendment (IX) to the Criminal Law, the Committee received more than 110,000 suggestions from the public.
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