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译文中逗号之使用与否,在一定上下文中会影响乃节曲解原意。此乃普遍现象,而尤以法律文字之翻译为然—— 盖与权利义务之范围有密切联系故也。请看实例:
1、原文:企业和政府有关部门的领导干部、因工作过失给企业和国家造成较大损失的,由政府主管部门 或者有关上级机关给予行政处分。
原译: Leading cadres of enterprises and governmental departments concerned, who have caused enterprises and state major losses due to work faults, shall be subject to disciplinary sanction by the competent department or higher authorities concerned of the government.
译文中“who”从句前后的逗号各一个,必须删去。因为要“由政府主管部门或者有关上级机关给予行政处分”的,不是泛指一大片“企业和政府有关部门的领导干部”而是特指具有“因……过失……造成较大损失去”这一特征的“…...领导干部”。故拟改译,而其他顺便改动者不必多加注意,着重要监视其中逗号之删除:
Leading cadres of enterprises and governmental departments concerned who have caused the enterprises and state quite big loss(es) owing to their negligence on work shall be disciplined by the competent government agency or its superior agency.
在非从句的非限制性定语词组之滥用表现为多用了逗号的错误,则见于下例:
2. 原文:女职工月经期间,所在单位不得安排其从事......
原译:Women staff and workers, during their menstruation, shall not be arranged by their units to do work.....
原译中“during their menstruation”前后的逗号必须删除;否则,“所在单位”对不“在经期内女职工”也“不得安排 ……”了。当然,此句还有其他问题。从全局考虑——
拟译: No unit may assign lo any of its menstruating employees any work...
语云:过之犹不及;吾曰:不及犹过之。故逗号之多用固有碍于译事,逗号之少用又何尝无碍于法律之英译?请看下例:
3. 原文:女职工有权向……当地劳动部门提出申诉。
受理申诉的部门应当……作出处理决定。
原译: A woman employee has the right to appeal to...…the local labour department which should make a decision......
瞧,按原文,“which”与“department”之间必须使用逗号才是——
A woman employee may appeal to the local labor department, which should make a decision...
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