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在英语中“物称主语”比较普遍,而汉语句子的主语一般只使用“人称”名词,所以英语的“物称主语”很多情况下需要转换成“人称主语”。例如:
① His new book hits off the American temperament with amazing insight.
他在新书中对美国人性格的描写,可谓洞察秋毫。
② My duty forbids me to fly from danger.
职责所在,我不能临阵脱逃。
③ Another grant took him to the University of Berlin.
他借另ー笔奖学金之助进了柏林大学。
④ The Second World War brought him rapid battle promotion.
他在第二次世界大战中屡建奇功,晋升很快。
上句如果译成“第二次世界大战使他在战场上迅速得到提升”,就感觉到句子欧化的味道很浓,不是地道的汉语口
同样,人称名词作主语的汉语句子在英译时可遵循英语的习惯变换成“物称”。例如:
⑤他开车时心不在焉,几乎闯祸。
His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.
⑥她疾病缠身,没信心挑起这副重担。
Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.