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此外,中文学术论文摘要中出现频率最高的“本文”一词也是一个值得注意的问题。正如汉语中没有笼统的cousin(堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹,表兄、表弟、表姐、表妹)的称谓一样,英语中没有汉语“本文”的“文”这样一个上义词(superordinate)。因此,汉语的“论文”在英语中没有一个固定的对应词,视不同情况可译作article,paper, study, essay,thesis,tractate,treatise,dissertation,disquisition 等;其中仅article的范围就包括feature (特写),survey (概述),report (报 道),critique (批评),commentary (评注),review (评论)等。下面是 WEBSTER'S 11TH NEW COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY 对 article,paper, study,essay,thesis 下的定义。
article,a nonfictional prose composition usih forming an independent part of a publication ( as a magazine);
paper,formal written composition often designed for publication and often intended to be read aloud;study,a careful examination or analysis of a phenomenon,development,or question;
essay: an analytic or interpretative literary composition usually dealing with its subject from a limited or personal point of view ;
thesis,a position or proposition that a person (as a candidate for scholastic honors) advances and offers to maintain by argument.
根据上述定义,我们可知,article指的是供出版用的非文学类; paper指供出版或宣读的正式文章;study为专题研究论文;essay为阐述个人观点的分析说明性文学短文,属小品文、散文、随笔类; thesis 为毕业[学位]论文。因此,一般学术论文可视情况译为paper, article或study为宜,而译作 essay, thesis则很难反映出这类文章的实质。
不过,在某些特殊情况下,有的期刊已明确规定所收录文章的属性,则应按惯例直接使用该刊约定俗成的称谓,如Physical Review Letters(物理评论快报)、Chemical Communications (化学通讯)等,例如:
18. In this Letter we present a microscopic theory of the extrinsic spin Hall effect based on the diagrammatic perturbation theory. ( W. K. Tse and S. Das Sarma, Phys. Rev, Lett. 96,056601)
19. This communication describes the synthesis and characterization of calcium binding stilbene carboxylic acids. ( H. A. Behanna and S.I. Stupp,Chem. Comm. 2005,4845)
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