努力发展融合教育。2017年，融合教育首次写进《残疾人教育条例》。《中国教育现代化2035》和《第二期特殊教育提升计划（2017－2020年）》等文件均提出全面推进融合教育。各地不断完善随班就读支持保障体系，加强普通学校特殊教育资源教室建设，配备专兼职教师，在普通学校就读的残疾学生规模不断扩大。在普通学校就读的残疾学生数由2013年的19.1万人增加到2018年的33.2万人，增长73.8%。近10年来，残疾学生在普通学校就读的比例均超过50%。

　Efforts have been made to develop inclusive education. In 2017, inclusive education was covered by the Regulations on the Education of Persons with Disabilities. Other policy papers, such as “China’s Education Modernization 2035” and the “Phase-2 Special Education Promotion Plan (2017-2020)”, have also called for developing inclusive education. Across China efforts have been made to provide the support necessary for students with disabilities to go to regular schools, such as building more classrooms with resources for special education at regular schools and recruiting full-time and part-time teachers of special education. As a result the number of students with disabilities at regular schools has seen a steady increase, from 191,000 in 2013 to 332,000 in 2018, an increase of 73.8 percent. Over the past decade, more than 50 percent of students with disabilities have been able to study at regular schools.

　　特殊教育公共支出持续增长。2008年至2015年，国家实施两期特殊教育学校建设项目，财政投入71.42亿元，新建、改扩建中西部地区1182所特殊教育学校，支持61所残疾人高等院校、中等职业学校和特殊师范院校改善办学条件。自2014年开始，中央特教专项补助经费提高到每年4.1亿元，支持范围由中西部地区扩大到除京津沪以外的所有省份。全国义务教育阶段在普通学校和特殊教育学校就读的残疾学生年生均公用经费标准提高到6000元。部分地区将普通学校随班就读教师、送教上门教师纳入享受特教津贴范围。在国家针对城乡义务教育学生免除学杂费、免费提供教科书、对家庭经济困难学生补助生活费的基础上，各省市还增加了对残疾学生的资助项目，并逐步提高资助标准。部分省市实施残疾学生从小学到高中免费教育。遴选确定华东师范大学等5所院校实施卓越特殊教育教师培养改革项目，在“国培计划”中专设特教学校校长和骨干教师培养项目。截至2018年，培训特教学校骨干教师10298名、校长726名。

　　Public spending on special education has continued to grow. In the period from 2008 to 2015, the state introduced two construction programs for special education schools, investing RMB7.14 billion to build, renovate, or expand 1,182 special education schools in China’s central and western regions, and to support improved facilities in 61 institutions of higher education, secondary vocational schools and special education normal schools. Since 2014, the central government has increased the subsidies for special education to RMB410 million per year to cover all areas outside of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai.

　　Public spending on students with disabilities in compulsory education at regular and special education schools has increased to RMB6,000 per person per year. In some areas teachers of disabled students at regular schools, and those teaching home-schooled students, receive subsidies for special education teachers. In addition to state policies already in place, such as exemption from tuition and fees, free textbooks, and living subsidies for poor students in compulsory education, students with disabilities have also received subsidies from local governments, and the standards of the subsidies are improving. In some provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, students with disabilities enjoy free education from elementary to senior high school.

　　East China Normal University and four other colleges and universities have been selected to carry out a special education program to train excellent special education teachers, and the State Training Program for Elementary and Secondary School Teachers has sub-programs for training presidents and teachers of special education schools. By 2018 the program had trained 726 presidents and 10,298 teachers.

　　五、就业与创业

　　中国以建立劳动福利型残疾人事业为目标，通过完善法律法规、拓展就业渠道、完善服务体系，促进残疾人就业权利的实现。

　　V. Employment and Entrepreneurship

　　To create workfare programs for persons with disabilities, China has improved its laws and regulations, expanded channels for employment, and refined the service system to guarantee their right to employment.

　　残疾人就业权利受到法律保护。《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》对残疾人就业作了明确规定，要求各级人民政府采取优惠政策和扶持保护措施，实现残疾人多渠道、多层次、多种形式就业。《中华人民共和国就业促进法》对保障残疾人的劳动权利作了规定。《残疾人就业条例》对残疾人就业方针、政府职责、用人单位责任、保障措施、就业服务及法律责任等作了详细规定。最高人民法院发布典型案例，依法切实保障残疾人劳动的权利，切实维护残疾人合法权益。地方人大和政府也发布了促进残疾人就业、鼓励残疾人创业的规范性文件，保障残疾人平等就业。

　　The right to employment of persons with disabilities is protected by law. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities stipulates that people’s governments at all levels shall formulate preferential policies as well as protective and supportive measures to help persons with disabilities to find employment through multiple channels, at various levels and in a variety of forms. The Employment Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China contains provisions on the disabled persons’ right to work. The Regulations on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities specifies the details about employment guidelines, government duties, employers’ responsibilities, supportive 

measures, employment services, and legal liability for these people. The Supreme People’s Court publishes typical cases to help protect disabled persons’ right to work and their lawful rights and interests in accordance with the law. Local people’s congresses and governments also issue normative documents to promote employment, encourage entrepreneurship and guarantee equal job opportunities for persons with disabilities.