随着世界经济和战略重心加速向亚太地区转移，美国持续推进亚太“再平衡”战略，强化其地区军事存在和军事同盟体系。日本积极谋求摆脱战后体制，大幅调整军事安全政策，国家发展走向引起地区国家高度关注。个别海上邻国在涉及中国领土主权和海洋权益问题上采取挑衅性举动，在非法“占据”的中方岛礁上加强军事存在。一些域外国家也极力插手南海事务，个别国家对华保持高频度海空抵近侦察，海上方向维权斗争将长期存在。一些陆地领土争端也依然存在。朝鲜半岛和东北亚地区局势存在诸多不稳定和不确定因素。地区恐怖主义、分裂主义、极端主义活动猖獗，也对中国周边安全稳定带来不利影响。

　　台湾问题事关国家统一和长远发展，国家统一是中华民族走向伟大复兴的历史必然。近年来两岸关系保持和平发展良好势头，但影响台海局势稳定的根源并未消除，“台独”分裂势力及其分裂活动仍然是两岸关系和平发展的最大威胁。维护国家政治安全和社会稳定的任务艰巨繁重，“东突”“藏独”分裂势力危害严重，特别是“东突”暴力恐怖活动威胁升级，反华势力图谋制造“颜色革命”，国家安全和社会稳定面临更多挑战。随着国家利益不断拓展，国际和地区局势动荡、恐怖主义、海盗活动、重大自然灾害和疾病疫情等都可能对国家安全构成威胁，海外能源资源、战略通道安全以及海外机构、人员和资产安全等海外利益安全问题凸显。

As the world economic and strategic center of gravity is shifting ever more rapidly to the Asia-Pacific region, the US carries on its "rebalancing" strategy and enhances its military presence and its military alliances in this region. Japan is sparing no effort to dodge the post-war mechanism, overhauling its military and security policies. Such development has caused grave concerns among other countries in the region. On the issues concerning China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, some of its offshore neighbors take provocative actions and reinforce their military presence on China's reefs and islands that they have illegally occupied. Some external countries are also busy meddling in South China Sea affairs; a tiny few maintain constant close-in air and sea surveillance and reconnaissance against China. It is thus a long-standing task for China to safeguard its maritime rights and interests. Certain disputes over land territory are still smoldering. The Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia are shrouded in instability and uncertainty. Regional terrorism, separatism and extremism are rampant. All these have a negative impact on the security and stability along China's periphery.

The Taiwan issue bears on China's reunification and long-term development, and reunification is an inevitable trend in the course of national rejuvenation. In recent years, cross-Taiwan Straits relations have sustained a sound momentum of peaceful development, but the root cause of instability has not yet been removed, and the "Taiwan independence" separatist forces and their activities are still the biggest threat to the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. Further, China faces a formidable task to maintain political security and social stability. Separatist forces for "East Turkistan independence" and "Tibet independence" have inflicted serious damage, particularly with escalating violent terrorist activities by "East Turkistan independence" forces. Besides, anti-China forces have never given up their attempt to instigate a "color revolution" in this country. Consequently, China faces more challenges in terms of national security and social stability. With the growth of China's national interests, its national security is more vulnerable to international and regional turmoil, terrorism, piracy, serious natural disasters and epidemics, and the security of overseas interests concerning energy and resources, strategic sea lines of communication (SLOCs), as well as institutions, personnel and assets abroad, has become an imminent issue.