1955年9月20—30日，新疆省第一届人民代表大会第二次会议在乌鲁木齐召开。此次会议通过了《关于新疆维吾尔自治区筹备工作的报告》等文件，选举产生了以赛福鼎·艾则孜(维吾尔族)为主席，高锦纯(汉族)、买买提明·伊敏诺夫(维吾尔族)、帕提汗·苏古尔巴也夫(哈萨克族)为副主席的41人组成的新疆维吾尔自治区人民委员会。1955年10月1日，新疆维吾尔自治区宣告成立。

　　新疆维吾尔自治区的成立，标志着民族区域自治制度在新疆的全面贯彻实施。在中央政府的领导、关心和全国各兄弟省(区、市)的大力支持帮助下，新疆各族人民开展了大规模社会主义建设。1984年，国家颁布实施《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》，将民族区域自治制度确定为国家一项基本政治制度，为新疆各族人民在维护国家统一的原则下充分行使自治权利提供了有力的法律保障。

In September 20-30, 1955, the second session of the First People's Congress of Xinjiang Province was convened in Urumqi. The meeting approved the Report on Preparatory Work for the Establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region along with some other instruments, and elected a 41-member People's Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with Seypidin Ezizi (Uygur) as chair, and Gao Jinchun (Han), Memetmin Iminof (Uygur) and Patihan Sugurbayev (Kazak) as vice chairs. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was officially founded.

The establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region marked the full implementation of the system of ethnic regional autonomy in Xinjiang. Under the leadership and care of the central government and with the strong support and help from other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the people of the various ethnic groups in Xinjiang plunged into the construction of Xinjiang in a massive scale.

In 1984, the state promulgated and put into effect the Law of the People's Republic of China on Ethnic Regional Autonomy, establishing ethnic regional autonomy as a basic political system of the state, thereby providing a powerful legal basis for all ethnic peoples in Xinjiang to fully exercise their right of autonomy based on the principle of safeguarding national unification.

　　2010年5月、2014年5月，中央先后召开第一、二次新疆工作座谈会，强调要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，努力建设团结和谐、繁荣富强、文明进步、安居乐业的社会主义新疆，新疆各项事业发展进入了一个新阶段。

　　二、坚持各民族平等团结

　　新疆维吾尔自治区成立以来，坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，贯彻落实国家的民族政策，努力促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，发展和巩固了平等、团结、互助、和谐的新型社会主义民族关系。

In May 2010 and May 2014, the central government held two meetings to specially discuss work in relation to Xinjiang, emphasizing the importance of upholding and improving the system of ethnic regional autonomy, and calling for efforts to build a socialist Xinjiang featuring unity and harmony, prosperity and vigor, civility and progress, and peace and contentment for its people. The various undertakings of Xinjiang had entered a new stage of development.

II. Upholding Ethnic Equality and Unity

Since its establishment in 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has remained committed to supporting and improving the system of ethnic regional autonomy. It has implemented China's ethnic policies, endeavored to promote the unity and common prosperity of various ethnic groups, and developed and consolidated the new type of socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.