3.“处”字句

用“处”字句表示禁止性规范有以下几个特点：其一，在语义上，与“不得”字句不同的是，用具体的制裁来表示禁令。其二，在结构上，主语往往为“的”字结构，突出犯罪主体或犯罪行为，简洁、庄重；谓语部分的“处”字突出对犯罪主体或犯罪行为的处置。

“处”字句中，为使行文简洁，执法机关一般不出现。有时为了使语义明确，执法机关也可以出现。该句式通常翻译为be sentenced to句式。

例5：阴谋颠覆政府、分裂国家的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。

参考译文：Whoever plots to subvert the government or dismember the state shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.

例6：策动、勾引、收买国家工作人员、武装部队、人民警察、民兵投敌叛变或者叛乱的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。

参考译文：Whoever instigates,lures or bribes a state functionary or a member of the armed forces, the people's police or the people's militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor or to rise in rebellion shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.

4.“是”字句

“是”字句规定什么行为是犯罪，语气坚决，表达禁止性规范，庄重、简练。与“处”字句不同的是，它不表述具体的处罚，常翻译成 refer to，用来解释说明。

例6：明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生，因而构成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。

参考译文:An intentional crime refers to a crime committed by a person who clearly knows that his act will produce socially dangerous consequences but who wishes or allows such consequences to occur.

例7：组织、领导犯罪集团进行犯罪活动的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的，是主犯。对于主犯，除本法分则已有规定的以外，应当从重处罚。

参考译文：A principal criminal refers to any person who organizes and leads a criminal group in carrying out criminal activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime. A principal criminal shall be given a heavier punishment unless otherwise stipulated in the Specific Provisions of this Law.

例8：剥夺政治权利是剥夺下列权利：

（一）选举权和被选举权；

（二）宪法第四十五条规定的各种权利；

（三）担任国家机关职务的权利；

（四）担任企业、事业单位和人民团体领导职务的权利。

参考译文：Deprivation of political rights refers to deprivation of the following rights:

(1) the right to vote and to stand for election;

(2) the right provided for in Article 45 of the Constitution;

(3) the right to hold a position in a state organ; and

(4) the right to hold a leading position in any enterprise, institution or people's organization.

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